Surface water refers to water that is visible on the Earth's surface, like in lakes, rivers, and oceans. It does not include water that is underground or in the form of ice or snow. Full definition
In addition to causing changes to the timing and quantity of surface water supply, global warming is also causing more severe impacts from drought. (ucsusa.org)
Although the flows are vastly more complex than I make out — the vast area of warmer surface water warms the atmosphere. (watertechbyrie.com)
By eating and being eaten, they help support the ocean's food web and transport huge amounts of carbon from surface waters into the deep ocean. (whoi.edu)