For example, the challenging fourth - and eighth - grade language arts and mathematics tests have had a positive impact on teacher expectations and instruction. (gse.harvard.edu)
Some research has identified obstacles that retention creates for student learning: loss of self - esteem, embarrassment at being older than classmates, and lower teacher expectations for the child. (nsba.org)
To what extent does the gap in teacher expectations reflect real differences in the objective probability of college completion? (educationnext.org)