Elderberries have been shown in test tube studies to reduce the rate of influenza virus replication. (drlaurell.com)
They were following up on test tube studies showing that PTP - 1B removes certain phosphates from the receptor that transmits insulin signals to the cell interior (type 2 diabetes is thought to result from an inability to respond to insulin). (sciencemag.org)
Test tube studies with dengue have already suggested the resemblance can cause problems. (sciencemag.org)