The phrase "to teach the doctrine" means to educate and provide information about a specific belief or set of principles, often related to religion or philosophy. Full definition
Some clergy are afraid that by teaching the doctrine they will lose their people. (faith.org.uk)
You're letting your doctrine interpret the scriptures rather than let the scriptures teach the doctrine. (redeeminggod.com)
If we were to take the time to study the entire book, as I hope to do someday, we would discover that the book of Hebrews teaches the doctrine of eternal security more than many other books of the Bible! (redeeminggod.com)