Oxygen enters the ocean through two ways: interactions between its surface and the atmosphere, and as a photosynthesis byproduct from phytoplankton in upper layers of the ocean, much in the same way plants on land produce oxygen. (climatecentral.org)
Warming a crude model of the atmosphere and upper layer of the ocean by 1 °C requires about 10,000,000 megaton atomic bombs of energy. (skepticalscience.com)
He wonders whether megaplumes carry the gases of an eruption, such as carbon dioxide and methane and helium 3, as well as minerals such as sulfur and iron, to upper layers of the ocean where most plant and animal life resides. (discovermagazine.com)