... In Virginia... «the wrongful taking of the property in itself imports the animus furandi. (law.stackexchange.com)
Article 12 of the Hague Convention mandates the return of children who have been wrongfully taken or retained away from their habitual residence without the consent of a person with rights of custody, if less than one year has elapsed from the wrongful taking or retention to the commencement date of the return proceedings. (internationalfamilylawfirm.com)
Lord Brown agreed and cautioned against severing the link between the tort of conversion and the taking of a chattel because «there remains a logical distinction between the wrongful taking of a document of this character and the wrongful assertion of a right to a chose in action which properly belongs to someone else. (newlawjournal.co.uk)