"Weather observations" refers to collecting information about the current atmospheric conditions such as temperature, rainfall, wind speed, and cloud cover. Full definition
This resource includes a 6 page booklet that covers 10 days of weather observations. (tes.com)
This corresponds very well to the descriptive weather observations from various historical records in this area. (planet3.org)
Their methodology combines information from weather observations with background information provided by a forecast model. (blogs.discovermagazine.com)