Sentences with phrase «= difference in mean»

RC = reference category, # studies = number of independent studies; # ES = number of effect sizes, Z = difference in mean r with reference category, mean r = mean effect size (r), heterogeneity = within class heterogeneity (Z), Δfit = difference with model without moderators (χ2)

Not exact matches

a longer mean length of labour (hours)(mean difference (MD) 0.50, 95 % CI 0.27 to 0.74; participants = 3328; studies = 3)(Analysis 1.18); However, there was evidence of skewness in the data from one of the trials in the analyses of length of labour (Turnbull 1996);

Controlled trials of exclusive versus mixed breastfeeding for four to six months, developing countries Infant outcomes Growth Weight gain was not significantly different between infants assigned to continued exclusive breastfeeding to six months versus those assigned to mixed breastfeeding from four to six months, with a mean difference (MD) in weight gain from four to six months of 20.78 g / mo (95 % confidence interval (CI)-LSB--21.99 to 63.54], p = 0.34; 2 trials / 265 infants) and from six to 12 months of -2.62 g / mo (95 % CI -LSB--25.85 to 20.62], p = 0.83; 2 trials / 233 infants).

alonger mean length of labour (hours)(mean difference (MD) 0.50, 95 % CI 0.27 to 0.74, three trials, n = 3328)(Analysis 1.18); However, there was evidence of skewness in the data from one of the trials in the analyses of length of labour (Turnbull 1996);

In meta - regression analysis, there was weak evidence that studies not controlling for socioeconomic factors (pooled difference: — 2.0 mmHg) had mean differences in blood pressure 1.4 mmHg higher (95 percent CI: — 0.6, 3.3; p = 0.17) than in studies controlling for socioeconomic factors (pooled difference: — 0.9 mmHgIn meta - regression analysis, there was weak evidence that studies not controlling for socioeconomic factors (pooled difference: — 2.0 mmHg) had mean differences in blood pressure 1.4 mmHg higher (95 percent CI: — 0.6, 3.3; p = 0.17) than in studies controlling for socioeconomic factors (pooled difference: — 0.9 mmHgin blood pressure 1.4 mmHg higher (95 percent CI: — 0.6, 3.3; p = 0.17) than in studies controlling for socioeconomic factors (pooled difference: — 0.9 mmHgin studies controlling for socioeconomic factors (pooled difference: — 0.9 mmHg).

In a random - effects model, the pooled mean diastolic blood pressure was lower among breastfed infants (difference: — 0.5 mmHg, 95 percent CI: — 0.9, — 0.04; p = 0.03).

In a meta - regression analysis, the mean differences between feeding groups observed in each study were unrelated to the mean total cholesterol concentrations in that study (P = 0.42In a meta - regression analysis, the mean differences between feeding groups observed in each study were unrelated to the mean total cholesterol concentrations in that study (P = 0.42in each study were unrelated to the mean total cholesterol concentrations in that study (P = 0.42in that study (P = 0.42).

The estimates for the 7 studies reporting exclusive feeding were more homogeneous (χ2 = 8, P = 0.23) than were the estimates from all 17 studies; the overall mean difference in total cholesterol from the 7 studies reporting exclusive feeding was stronger (mean difference: − 0.15 mmol / L; 95 % CI: 0.23, − 0.06 mmol / L; Figure 3) than that in the remaining 10 studies (14 388 subjects) that did not report exclusive feeding (mean difference: − 0.01 mmol / L; 95 % CI: − 0.06, 0.03 mmol / L; χ2 = 14, P = 0.12; test for difference between groups, P = 0.005).

A similar pattern of differences was observed when postprandial measures (ie, 60 min after feeding), which were available in 3 studies, were used (mean difference: − 4.07 pmol / L; 95 % CI: − 7.51, − 0.62 pmol / L; P = 0.021)(5, 31, 35).

In a sensitivity analysis, inclusion in the meta - analysis of the assumed zero estimates from the five studies (table 1) with no published mean differences attenuated the overall summary estimate for systolic blood pressure (mean difference: — 1.0 mmHg, 95 percent CI: — 1.6; — 0.4; p = 0.002), but there was still strong evidence of an inverse associatioIn a sensitivity analysis, inclusion in the meta - analysis of the assumed zero estimates from the five studies (table 1) with no published mean differences attenuated the overall summary estimate for systolic blood pressure (mean difference: — 1.0 mmHg, 95 percent CI: — 1.6; — 0.4; p = 0.002), but there was still strong evidence of an inverse associatioin the meta - analysis of the assumed zero estimates from the five studies (table 1) with no published mean differences attenuated the overall summary estimate for systolic blood pressure (mean difference: — 1.0 mmHg, 95 percent CI: — 1.6; — 0.4; p = 0.002), but there was still strong evidence of an inverse association.

No significant age - related difference was found in the severity of symptoms cited before concussion (mean symptom score 6.77 in the younger group and 5.43 in the older group, p = 0.333).

There was a difference between age groups in the mean time it took for symptoms to return to baseline levels (mean number of days: 6.92 in the younger group and 5.66 in the older group, p = 0.087); given a statistical threshold of 0.05, this difference was not significant.

Similarly, no significant age - related difference was found in the severity of symptoms cited after concussion (mean symptom score 19.40 in the younger group and 17.72 in the older group, p = 0.531).

Urinary BPA concentrations in 2005/06 (geometric mean 1.79 ng / ml, 95 % CI: 1.64 to 1.96) were lower than in 2003/04 (2.49 ng / ml, CI: 2.20 to 2.83, difference p - value = 0.00002).

Yet the paper states that «The best - fitting model (ECS = 2.4 K) reproduces well the reconstructed global mean cooling of 2.2 K...» I assume the difference is that the global mean cooling cited in the paper includes the contribution of SST change, which, according to MARGO, is -1.9 ± 1.8 °C, whereas the -3.3 or -3.5 °C is for SAT.

A) Distribution of the weight of F0, F1, and F2 IVC males (n = 40 / group) at 26 wk of age showing no significant differences in mean body weight but an increase in weight variation in comparison to the control.

Darwins were calculated as d = [ln (x2) − ln (x1)-RSB- / [t2 − t1], where ln (x2) − ln (x1) is the difference between the ln - transformed sample means of head length at time t2 and t1, and t2 − t1 is the elapsed time (in Myr) between t2 and t1.

Food elimination based on IgG antibodies in irritable bowel syndrome: a randomised controlled trial http://gut.bmj.com/content/53/10/1459.short «After 12 weeks, the true diet resulted in a 10 % greater reduction in symptom score than the sham diet (mean difference 39 (95 % confidence intervals (CI) 5 — 72); p = 0.024) with this value increasing to 26 % in fully compliant patients (difference 98 (95 % CI 52 — 144); p < 0.001).»

Kurt Starting 352 × 0.52 = 183.04 lbs fat 352 × 0.48 = 168.96 lbs lean Ending 265 × 0.30 = 79.50 lbs fat 265 * 0.70 = 185.50 lbs lean Difference 183.04 - 79.50 = 103.54 lbs fat loss in 3.5 months!!!!!! 168.96 - 185.50 = -16.54 lbs, meaning he gained 16.54 lbs of lean mass.

Although the viewing group still had a higher mean confidence score (3.16), the coding group's mean confidence score after viewing the second set of videos had risen to 2.95, and there was again no significant difference between the confidence of students in both video groups, t (41) = 1.6766, p =.10.

The results show an increase in disposition scores from pre -(3.580, SD = 0.499) to postsurvey (4.705, SD = 0.276) of 1.125 (95 % CI = 0.807 — 1.443), and a paired samples t - test revealed that the mean difference was statistically significant (t = 7.649; p <.001).

As evidenced, teachers in the lowest 20 % on the VAM score have differences in the mean observational score depending on the VAM score (a moderate correlation of r = 0.50), but for the other 80 %, knowing the VAM score is not informative as there is a very small correlation for the second quintile and no correlation for the upper 60 %.

The $ 400 difference in annual premiums between the policy with a $ 500 deductible and a $ 1000 deductible means the money you save on your car insurance will be more than your increased deductible if you think you can go more than 2.5 years without an «at fault» car insurance claim ($ 1000 deductible / $ 400 annual savings = 2.5 years).

Likewise, no differences in mean BCS were found between neutered females with and without CCL (means 5.8 and 5.8 respectively; CHP: p = 0.26).

We found no significant difference in mean (± SE) genetic diversity between older (HO = 0.40 ± 0.06, HE = 0.50 ± 0.07, A = 4.25 ± 0.69) and newer (HO = 0.48 ± 0.08, HE = 0.51 ± 0.05, A = 4.06 ± 0.38) samples on Santa Rosa Island (P > 0.45).

Figure caption: (upper left) HadCRUT 3V mean T (2m) anomaly over 1976 - 2005 (wrt to 1950 - 1980); (upper right) The GISS — HadCRUT 3V difference in mean T (2m) over 1976 - 2005; and (lower) the Northern Hemisphere mean temperature variations (red = GISTEMP, black = HadCRUT 3v).

Their meaning is that Ramanathan's greenhouse factor, G = Su - OLR, also equals to G = Ed - Eu, meaning that the greenhouse effect in our radiative - convective atmoshere is the difference of downward radiative heating and the upward convective cooling — see

This can be seen at: The formula used was: dCair = 0.5415 * F (emissions) / 0.21 + 3 * dtemp This resulted in a mean difference of trends (observed - calculated) = 0.00; correlation between the series = 0.65; R ^ 2 = 0.42 (which is poor); stdev of the calculated and observed series = 0.55 ppmv It looks like that the calculated CO2 increase / variations are leading the observed ones.

On the contrary, in relation to sex differences, results showed that boys reached higher mean scores than girls only in positive affect (t (146) = 2.25, p = 0.026)(Table 2).

In pooled analysis of 22 studies, parent training programmes improved depressive symptoms compared with control immediately after the intervention (standard mean difference (SMD) = − 0.17, 95 % CI − 0.28 to − 0.07).

Descriptive analyses for PANAS indicated that total sample of adolescents obtained higher mean scores in positive affect (M = 35.27, sd = 5.74) than in negative affect (M = 25.32, sd = 6.81)(t (146) = 12.95, p < 0.001), without significant differences for classes.

In our analysis of the standardised mean difference effect sizes, we will consider an effect to be clinically relevant, irrespective of statistical significance, by transforming the standardised mean difference effect sizes into common language effect sizes.24, 25 An example of transforming standardised mean difference effect size into common language effect size is shown in a meta - analysis of social skills group interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders by Reichow et al, 26 who showed the weighted mean effect size of d = 0.47 equated to a gain of 24 additional social skills for the treatment group compared with controIn our analysis of the standardised mean difference effect sizes, we will consider an effect to be clinically relevant, irrespective of statistical significance, by transforming the standardised mean difference effect sizes into common language effect sizes.24, 25 An example of transforming standardised mean difference effect size into common language effect size is shown in a meta - analysis of social skills group interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders by Reichow et al, 26 who showed the weighted mean effect size of d = 0.47 equated to a gain of 24 additional social skills for the treatment group compared with controin a meta - analysis of social skills group interventions for children with autism spectrum disorders by Reichow et al, 26 who showed the weighted mean effect size of d = 0.47 equated to a gain of 24 additional social skills for the treatment group compared with control.

After controlling for the child's age and sex and adjusting for baseline severity of child and maternal symptoms, there was a significantly larger decrease in internalizing (adjusted mean score difference, 8.6; P <.001), externalizing (6.6; P =.004), and total (8.7; P <.001) symptoms among children of mothers who had a remission from major depressive disorder over the 3 - month period than among children of mothers whose major depressive disorder did not remit (Table 4).

We entered the number of patients and control group members, mean age, percentage of girls and of members of ethnic minorities, the country of data collection, year of publication, type of illness, duration of illness, the sampling procedure (1 = probability samples, 0 = convenience samples), the use of a control group (0 = yes, 1 = comparison with test norms), equivalence of patients and control group (1 = yes, 2 = not tested, 3 = no), the rater of depressive symptoms (1 = child, 2 = parent, 3 = teacher, 4 = clinician), the measurement of the variables, and the standardized size of between - group differences in depressive symptoms.

Post hoc analysis revealed two significant differences in between - group comparisons: patients with schizophrenia versus healthy controls (estimated mean ± standard error; 30.05 ± 1.95 vs. 38.57 ± 2.22, corrected p = 0.040) and patients with bipolar disorder versus healthy controls (28.80 ± 1.78 vs. 38.57 ± 2.22, corrected p = 0.006)(Fig. 1).

Significant mean differences in isolation were found between 1 year illness duration (x = 7.96) and people with more than 1 year illness duration (p = 0.02)(Table 7).

The mean (raw) externalising behaviour scores were similar in the intervention and control groups at 18 months (mean 12.1 (SD 6.9) v 11.9 (6.8); adjusted mean difference 0.16, 95 % confidence interval − 1.01 to 1.33; P = 0.79) and 24 months (mean 11.9 (SD 7.2) v 12.9 (7.4); adjusted mean difference − 0.79, − 2.27 to 0.69; P = 0.30).

Data from the RCTs showed that active psychotherapy was more effective than no psychotherapy or non-specific treatment (mean difference in effect size 0.8, p = 0.006).

Doses of drugs over the trial were converted to mean daily equivalents of chlorpromazine and compared across groups by means of Kruskal - Wallis one way analysis of variance; this indicated no significant differences between treatment groups (medians of daily drugs in chlorpromazine equivalents: cognitive behaviour therapy 425, supportive counselling 517.75, routine care 450; χ = 0.963; P = 3D0.62).

Participants receiving supplements were 26.3 % (95 % CI 8.3 % to 44 %) less likely to be reported for antisocial behaviour than those who received placebo (mean difference 11.8 less infringements in the supplement group, p = 0.03).

Analyses were carried out with 2312 students in Grade 7 (mean age = 13.22; SD = 0.61) and 2421 students in Grade 9, the marginal difference in sample sizes being caused by a change in student population, due to absenteeism at one measurement point.

According to t - test, the difference in the mean age was not significant between the two groups (P = 0.539).

These results are supported by fidelity findings from the structured observations (N = 27) carried out in a sample of classes over the course of the study (observations: mean number of observed activities full implementation = 90.9 %; partial implementation = 2.3 %; activities not implemented = 6.8 %) Given that there was no significant difference in the level of programme adherence between the intervention groups, the impact results were analysed by comparing the intervention group's results (i.e. intervention Type I combined with intervention Type II) with the control group's results.

For the logit - based analyses and the t tests of differences in means, 1 - tailed tests of significance were conducted (α =.05) because we had an a priori prediction about the direction of the effect for each predictor variable.

However, there was no significant difference between creative play and control in depression symptoms (adjusted mean difference: − 2.51, 95 % CI − 11.42 to +6.39, p = 0.58).

For the Conflict scale, a statistically significant difference was found with a higher mean value in the low caries risk group, compared with the elevated caries risk group for less conflict (9.03 vs. 7.11; p = 0.006)(Table 3), indicating that there were less conflicts in the families with children belonging to the elevated caries risk group.

No significant differences were found between youths in the standard treatment group (mean [SD], 1.54 [1.30] diagnoses) and youths in the usual care group (F1, 90 = 2.023, P =.16) or between youths in the standard treatment group and youths in the modular treatment group (F1, 103 = 1.232, P =.27).

There was a significant difference in HbA1C between H - H (mean = 8.3 %) and L - L (mean = 8.7 %) youths, but no other pairwise comparison was significant.

However, relatively few studies have investigated whether there are differences in brain structure between these subgroups.We acquired diffusion tensor imaging data and used tract - based spatial statistics (TBSS) to compare adolescents with CD and high levels of CU traits (CD / CU +; n = 18, CD and low levels of CU traits (CD / CU -; n = 17) and healthy controls (HC; n = 32) on measures of fractional anisotropy (FA), axial (AD), radial (RD) and mean (MD) diffusivity.