Children whose race / ethnicity was other than white or African American were
less likely to have had no adverse
exposures; African American children were
less likely than other children to have had at least 3 adverse
exposures (χ28
= 45.62, P <.05).
(I) Factors related to socioeconomic status: mother's (< 25, 25 — 29, 30 — 34, 35 +) and father's (< 30, 30 — 34, 35 +) age in years at birth of child; mother's and father's education at 9 months (National Vocational Qualification equivalent level 4 — 5
= university degree or equivalent, 3
= A levels or equivalent, 2
= grade C or higher in at least 4 General Certificate of Secondary Education qualifications at the end of compulsory schooling at age 16, 0 — 1
= less than this); occupational socioeconomic status at
exposure, based on the last - known job of father or mother, whichever was higher (3 - class National Statistics Socio - economic Classification 1
= managerial / administrative / professional, 2
= intermediate, 3
= routine / manual); duration of breast - feeding (never, < 4 months, 4 + months); number of siblings of child in household at 9 months (none, 1, 2 +).