Accurate atmospheric measurement of human - emitted greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and the chlorofluorocarbons, have been made for decades.
Today we have more
accurate series for
atmospheric d13C changes than tree rings: ice cores, firn air and direct
measurements give a smooth (be it filtered ~ 8 years) indication of historical d13C levels.
1950s: Research on military applications of radar and infrared radiation promotes advances in radiative transfer theory and
measurements = > Radiation math — Studies conducted largely for military applications give
accurate values of infrared absorption by gases = > CO2 greenhouse — Nuclear physicists and chemists develop Carbon - 14 analysis, useful for dating ancient climate changes = > Carbon dates, for detecting carbon from fossil fuels in the atmosphere, and for measuring the rate of ocean turnover = > CO2 greenhouse — Development of digital computers affects many fields including the calculation of radiation transfer in the atmosphere = > Radiation math, and makes it possible to model weather processes = > Models (GCMs)-- Geological studies of polar wandering help provoke Ewing - Donn model of ice ages = > Simple models — Improvements in infrared instrumentation (mainly for industrial processes) allow very precise
measurements of
atmospheric CO2 = > CO2 greenhouse.