Sentences with phrase «aerosol sources in»

My earlier research has concerned, among others things, the use and the reliability of LES, the application of nonlinear time series analysis on flow fields, and the inclusion of marine organic aerosol sources in global climate models.

Not exact matches

China «could cause some decreases [in stratospheric aerosols] if that is the source,» Neely says, adding that growing SO2 emissions from India could also increase cooling if humans are the dominant cause of injecting aerosols into the atmosphere.

These aerosols outweigh all other human sources of fine - particulate air pollution in much of the United States, Europe, Russia and China, according to new research.

«Current emission inventories do not account for cultural burning practices in Asia as aerosol sources,» said Chakrabarty, who is originally from the Northeastern region of India.

When Rajan Chakrabarty, Ph.D., an assistant research professor at the Desert Research Institute, began looking into the regional inventories of human - produced sources of carbon aerosol pollution in South Asia, considered to be a climate change hot spot, he knew something was missing.

There had been no «blowtorch effect» in which the flame erupted outward when the aerosol vapor was applied close to a fire source.

Forest fires in the lower latitudes, however, are actually beneficial sources of black carbon because it is coupled with organic aerosols and ends up reflecting light and heat, causing the surrounding area to cool.

Two important aerosol species, sulfate and organic particles, have large natural biogenic sources that depend in a highly complex fashion on environmental and ecological parameters and therefore are prone to influence by global change.

In one of the first studies of its kind, scientists have found that tar sands production in Canada is one of North America's largest sources of secondary organic aerosols — air pollutants that affect the climate, cloud formation and public healtIn one of the first studies of its kind, scientists have found that tar sands production in Canada is one of North America's largest sources of secondary organic aerosols — air pollutants that affect the climate, cloud formation and public healtin Canada is one of North America's largest sources of secondary organic aerosols — air pollutants that affect the climate, cloud formation and public health.

The study, published Wednesday in the journal Nature, showed that the production of tar sands and other heavy oil — thick, highly viscous crude oil that is difficult to produce — are a major source of aerosols, a component of fine particle air pollution, which can affect regional weather patterns and increase the risk of lung and heart disease.

Since Thornton's and his colleagues» study was published, Ilan Koren and Orit Altaratz at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel and colleagues have found, using the WWLLN, that more intense lightning is connected with aerosol sources over land.

The cooling effect of aerosols can partly offset global warming on a short - term basis, but many are made of organic material that comes from sources that scientists don't fully understand, said Joost de Gouw, a research physicist at NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory in Boulder, Colo., who is unaffiliated with the studies.

«Microorganisms are in a constant fight for territory, for food sources, for their place in that microbial community,» says Karen Bartlett of the University of British Columbia, an expert in the behavior of biological aerosols.

Aerosols are solid or liquid particles suspended in the atmosphere, consisting of (in rough order of abundance): sea salt, mineral dust, inorganic salts such as ammonium sulfate (which has natural as well as anthropogenic sources from e.g. coal burning), and carbonaceous aerosol such as soot, plant emissions, and incompletely combusted fossil fuel.

To deal with that, most sucessful scientists develop networks of «trusted» sources — people you know and get along with, but who are specialists in different areas (dynamics, radiation, land surfaces, aerosols, deep time paleo etc.) and who you can just call up and ask for the bottom line.

In particular she works with natural and anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols and their sources, concentrations and long term trends.

Wang, M. Gao, Q. Zhang, K. He, G. Carmichael, U. Pöschl and H. Su: Reactive nitrogen chemistry in aerosol water as a source of sulfate during haze events in China, Science Advances 2 (12), e1601530, doi: 10.1126 / sciadv.1601530, 2016.

The complexity of various physical and chemical processes in the atmosphere makes it very difficult to identify sources of these carbon - containing aerosols.

Aerosols are one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in climate science.

Because much of Earth's land mass is covered by plants, there is a large source of these biogenic aerosol particles that need to be accounted for in climate change prediction.

Scientists employed methods developed in this study to tag each source of aerosol, such as fossil - fuel burning from vehicles and power plants, or biomass burning, and follow its path in the model.

The PNNL study measured how, in the atmosphere, these aerosols interact with and mix with other volatile or semi-volatile organic compounds, the carbon - centric chemicals that evaporate from both natural and human - made sources.

The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) considers that the increase in aerosols and clouds since pre-industrial times represents one of the largest sources of uncertainty in climate change5.

These layers are caused by seasonal changes in the source, transport, and deposition of aerosols.

In fact, a subsequent study conducted by Liu et al. (2015) and published in Nature Communications, contrasts the CARES measurements with those obtained from the 2012 Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign to show that aerosol coatings influence black carbon absorption and the form and structural details of the mixing state may be specific to the source and region where the mixing occurIn fact, a subsequent study conducted by Liu et al. (2015) and published in Nature Communications, contrasts the CARES measurements with those obtained from the 2012 Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign to show that aerosol coatings influence black carbon absorption and the form and structural details of the mixing state may be specific to the source and region where the mixing occurin Nature Communications, contrasts the CARES measurements with those obtained from the 2012 Clean Air for London (ClearfLo) campaign to show that aerosol coatings influence black carbon absorption and the form and structural details of the mixing state may be specific to the source and region where the mixing occurs.

Valuable reference source for students, researchers, college and university professors, and specialists working in the fields of nanoparticle technology, surface science, chemistry, nanotechnology, solid - state physics, materials science, polymer science, colloid science, aerosol technology, environmental science, pharmacy, biotechnology, etc..

Secondary organic aerosols are formed through complex physical and chemical interactions between pre-existing aerosols in the atmosphere and trace organic gases emitted from both human - caused and natural sources.

Researchers from the University of Miami (UM) Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science and colleagues analyzed the dust concentrations in aerosol samples from two locations, French Guiana's capital city Cayenne and the Caribbean islands of Guadeloupe, to understand the amount, source regions, and seasonal patterns of airborne dust that travels across the North Atlantic Ocean.

Expectations of decreases in large source regions such as China [195] may be counteracted by aerosol increases other places as global population continues to increase.

In general, the risk of aerosol transmission increases with proximity and duration of exposure to the source; however, once aerosolized, certain pathogens may remain infective over long distances, depending on particle size, the nature of the pathogen, and such environmental factors as temperature and humidity.3

Perhaps surprisingly, the key innovation in this experimental set up is not the presence of the controllable ionisation source (from the Proton Synchrotron accelerator), but rather the state - of - the - art instrumentation of the chamber that has allowed them to see in unprecedented detail what is going on in the aerosol nucleation process (this is according to a couple of aerosol people I've spoken about this with).

Maybe one could add instead: «This downward radiation from greenhouse gases (and some fine solid air particles («aerosols») e.g. can be measured at the surface in nights with clear sky and no other radiation sources in the atmosphere (e.g. Philipona and Dürr 2004 doi / 10.1029 / 2004GL020937).

If you «use all of the data» you can't detect any change in trend from forcings known to make a difference (e.g. sulfate aerosols, which peaked in the 1940 - 1970 range from US sources and again later from Chinese).

Thus the influence of aerosols must be visible mainly in the NH and specifically in regions downwind the sources where the largest change in emissions has happened.

My question is: does the retroreflectivity of the larger droplets, i.e. back towards the light source, play into the sulfur aerosol issue or is it simply averaged out by the bulk effect of all the aerosol particles present in the apparently white haze?

They will have a serious impact and will delay advances in understanding carbon dioxide sources and sinks (OCO), natural and man - made aerosols (Glory), and solar climate forcing (Glory).

Possible candidates are an as - yet - unquantified increase in aerosol forcings from Asian sources.

It predicts an annual global mean first indirect forcing of -1.5 W m - 2 from an anthropogenic sulfate burden of 0.59 Tg S. Most of the cooling occurs in norhtern hemisphere (NH), where most anthropogenic sources of aerosol are located.

«Impact of interannual variations in sources of insoluble aerosol species on orographic precipitation over California's central Sierra Nevada.»

In reality, there are a host of both natural and anthropogenic aerosols, ranging from sea salt (the major source of cloud nuclei over the ocean) to biogenic aerosols from forests (the «smoke» of the Great Smoky Mountains of the Eastern US) to partially burnt organic materials (the «brown cloud» over Asia, generally absorptive / warming) to various sulfur compounds (generally reflective / cooling).

There are other factors involved in cooling, of course (e.g., recent La Nina's), but aerosols are probably the most significant source of uncertainty on timescales longer than a few years..

On the contrary, in the face of new evidence (of an unexpected source of aerosols) they are revising their understanding of the climate.

In particular she works with natural and anthropogenic greenhouse gases and aerosols and their sources, concentrations and long term trends.

I also placed in one manmade aerosol source on October 1943 to indicate the start of the massive bombing campaign during WWII.

DMS is the primary source in the sulfate mass budget over the remote ocean west of 80 ° W. • The first aerosol indirect effect has been observationally quantified over the SEP, with cloud thinning of the more polluted coastal clouds mitigating the overall radiative impact.

On a 20 ° S transect aerosols from different sources have a role in the creation and maintenance of bistable open and closed cell clouds.

It is well known that the ERFaero, the sum of direct aerosol forcing (ERFari) and ERFaci is by far the greatest source of uncertainty when it comes to observationally based estimates about the transient sensitivity (TCR) and the expected warming in this century.

Yet, over rapidly developing countries such as China and India, significant increasing trends in AOD are seen in these source regions and their surrounding downwind oceans, particularly during the dry winter / postmonsoon months when the atmosphere is relatively stable, thus favoring accumulation of aerosols.

Warming in the tropics and the southern hemisphere has been quite steady, even though there are plenty of aerosols there (although they are different, the major sources in the SH being sea spray and in the tropics sand from the Sahara as well as agricultural burning in Brazil and Africa.

The main source of skill in temperature is the trend, which is primarily forced by greenhouse gases and aerosols.