Also ice sheets models, as they become more realistic and are tested against observed ice sheet changes, may aid our understanding.
Not exact matches
The paper
also describes an atmosphere - ocean
modeling study of feedback loops caused by
ice sheet melting under 2 °C conditions.
But the large volumes of data on Arctic sea and land
ice that IceBridge has collected during its nine years of operations there have also enabled scientific discoveries ranging from the first map showing what parts of the bottom of the massive Greenland Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of Greenla
ice that IceBridge has collected during its nine years of operations there have
also enabled scientific discoveries ranging from the first map showing what parts of the bottom of the massive Greenland
Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation models for all of Greenla
Ice Sheet are thawed to improvements in snowfall accumulation
models for all of Greenland.
The IPCC
also predicts greater sea - level rise than it did in 2007, as it now includes
models of
ice -
sheet movements.
As well as using a
model to predict the future, we can
also use it to reconstruct
ice sheets in the past, giving clues as to the behaviour of the
ice sheet in different climate settings.
Prognostic
modelling can
also involve reconstructing past
ice sheets.
They
also speak about sea level sensitivity as being higher than current
ice sheet models show.
The differences are that the UVic
model has a smaller forcing from the
ice sheets, possibly because of an insufficiently steep lapse rate (5ºC / km instead of a steeper value that would be more typical of dryer polar regions), and
also a smaller change from increased dust.
The periods considered were mainly the Pleistocene
ice age cycles, the LGM and the Pliocene, but Paul Valdes provided some interesting
modeling that
also included the Oligocene, the Turonian, the Maastrichtian and Eocene, indicating the importance of the base continental configuration,
ice sheet position, and ocean circulation for sensitivity.
They
also speak about sea level sensitivity as being higher than current
ice sheet models show.
Climate
models also point to a more - likely - than - not probability that even greater impacts will result from feedback mechanisms such as permafrost and
ice sheet melting beginning or accelerating, unleashing further warming.
The Budget
also supports several research satellites currently in development, a campaign to monitor changes in polar
ice sheets, and enhancements to climate
models.
Such
models also indicate that warming would initially cause the Antarctic
ice sheet as a whole to gain mass owing to an increased accumulation of snowfall (*; some recent studies find no significant continent - wide trends in accumulation over the past several decades; Lemke et al., 2007 Section 4.6.3.1).
Current limitations of
ice -
sheet modelling also increase uncertainty in the projections of 21st - century sea - level rise (Meehl et al., 2007 Section 10.6.4.2) used to assess coastal impacts in this report.
Examples: Weertman (1976a)(Northwestern Univ., IL, and the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH); note
also his pioneering calculation of
ice sheet buildup and shrinkage times, Weertman (1964); Sergin (1979)(Laboratory for Mathematical
Modeling of the Climate, Pacific Institute of Geography of Academy of Sciences, Vladivostok, but written while visiting NCAR, Boulder, CO); Budd and Smith (1981)(Meteorology Dept., U. Melbourne); as a perhaps more typical example, Young (1979)(Antarctic Division, Dept. of Science and Technology, Kingston, Tasmania) conservatively showed a response time of perhaps 20,000 years; an especially influential
model involving
ice sheet buildup delay was Imbrie and Imbrie (1980); a good review is Budd (1981).
The «boils» are
also a dynamic effect which computer
models of heated water pots might have missed — similar to
ice sheet dynamics.
He is
also deeply involved in
ice -
sheet modeling with specific developments in areas such as
ice core dating and temperature reconstruction based on paleothermometry.