Sentences with phrase «as allele»

Making it more complicated, in order to have E express itself as a black coat, it is necessary to also have the As allele for self - or solid - black at the A locus.

P. falciparum population genetic approaches offer promising tools for understanding transmission and spread of the disease, but a high prevalence of multi-clone or polygenomic infections can render estimation of even the most basic parameters, such as allele frequencies, challenging.

From the pileup files, the major allele at each mtDNA base - pair position was called as the allele in the consensus sequence.

«Our findings show that a specific genetic marker (known as allele * 2 of the HS1, 2 A enhancer region) influences not just disease activity in RA patients, but also response to therapy in the early stages of their disease,» said lead investigator Dr Gabriele Di Sante of the Institute of Rheumatology and Related Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy.

A gene consists of two parts, known as alleles, one inherited from each parent.

Because diseases can be endemic to specific regions of the world, these genes exist in thousands of versions, known as alleles.

As these alleles have been associated with differences in psychological functioning, it suggests that incorporation of genetic variability into models of cross-cultural psychological differences may help elucidate the mechanisms underlying these differences.

Not exact matches

I have two copies of the slow metabolism allele, which means I have an efficient metabolism: My body does a good job of storing food as energy so, unlike some, I don't need to eat just before I work out in order to have enough energy to work out.

Evolution the fact is defined as a change in allele frequency in a population over time.

The following image shows how population sizes affect this rate of allele fixation and as you can see, as the population gets smaller, the rate of allele fixation increases exponentially.

Inherited Neanderthal genes come in alleles that help fight off nasty viruses such as Epstein - Barr — associated with several kinds of cancer, says Stanford University immunologist Laurent Abi - Rached.

Individuals were classified as high risk for Alzheimer's if a DNA test identified the presence of a genetic marker — having one or both of the apolipoprotein E-epsilon 4 allele (APOE - e4 allele) on chromosome 19 — which increases the risk of developing the disease.

Additional analysis of UK Biobank data from 112,338 people of European ancestry revealed that a specific form of rs9349379 known as the G allele, which was present in 36 % of these individuals, was associated with an increased risk of coronary artery disease.

Some of these ancient alleles were beneficial, such as one that boosted immune responses.

«Interbreeding with Neandertals provided an opportunity to get back some of those variants, albeit with many potentially weakly deleterious Neandertal alleles as well.»

Several variants, such as the HLA B * 5701 allele, have been associated with the pace of HIV disease progression in both controllers and «normals.»

One iSNV (position 10,218) shared by 12 patients is later observed as fixed within 38 patients, becoming the majority allele in the population (Fig. 4C) and defining a third Sierra Leone cluster (Fig. 4, A and D, and fig.

It had been thought that the allele became prevalent when cattle were first domesticated, as cows carry a strain of TB that humans can catch.

Molecular forces, such as low mutation rates or meiotic drive — in which certain alleles have an increased likelihood of being passed from one generation to the next — influence the rate of speciation.

A particularly strongly - protective variant, known in genetics as an «allele», was found most commonly among children in Kenya in East Africa.

A purebred tall pea plant has two tall alleles of a gene for height (often abbreviated as TT), and the short plants have two short alleles (tt).

Each Pm3 allele in the four new lines displayed the same activity as in the parental line, which results in increased overall activity, since it came from two different gene variations.

But if the fitness cost is low, those plants will produce just as many seeds as plants that don't have the allele.

As a result, the H19 gene, which restricts growth, was no longer active while the Igf2 gene, which promotes cell division, was now expressed from both the paternal and the maternal allele.

In their study, the researchers referred to the common allele as «T,» and the less common allele, which produces less BDNF protein, as «C.»

Center for Elephant Conservation, elephants have 38 additional modified copies (alleles) of a gene that encodes p53, a well - defined tumor suppressor, as compared to humans, who have only two.

As a genetic explorer Peltonen has followed the movement of populations in history, knowing that genes had diversified during the moves, but in Finland as elsewhere only a tiny fraction of the alleles and health risks are distinctivAs a genetic explorer Peltonen has followed the movement of populations in history, knowing that genes had diversified during the moves, but in Finland as elsewhere only a tiny fraction of the alleles and health risks are distinctivas elsewhere only a tiny fraction of the alleles and health risks are distinctive.

As smoking habits have changed, the pressure to weed out the allele has ceased, and its frequency is unchanged in younger men, Pickrell explains.

«The effect of viral replicative capacity is just as big as, and independent from, the effect of well - studied protective HLA alleles, which influence whether someone is likely to become an «elite controller,»» says Daniel Claiborne, lead author and postdoctoral fellow.

Circles at end of lines indicate loss of the TE allele in that species after ILS, as the sequence assembly contains an empty TE insertion site (SM10).

Because alleles carry neighboring DNA with them as they circulate, the number of singletons on nearby DNA can be used as a rough molecular clock, indicating how quickly that allele has changed in frequency.

«As it has only one set of chromosomes, it is very easy to find interesting mutants as all you have to do is to alter a single allele to produce a phenotype,» explains Oscar Fernández - Capetillo, head of the Genomic Instability Group and the leader of the research projecAs it has only one set of chromosomes, it is very easy to find interesting mutants as all you have to do is to alter a single allele to produce a phenotype,» explains Oscar Fernández - Capetillo, head of the Genomic Instability Group and the leader of the research projecas all you have to do is to alter a single allele to produce a phenotype,» explains Oscar Fernández - Capetillo, head of the Genomic Instability Group and the leader of the research project.

«Atrophy of the hippocampus, a region of the brain crucial for memory, is a common feature of AD, although it may also be detected in asymptomatic individuals as well as healthy adult carriers of the ApoE ɛ4 allele,» explained Andy Simmons, PhD, of the Department of Neuroimaging of the Institute of Psychiatry of King's College London.

The humans that left Africa probably carried only a limited number of HLA alleles as they likely travelled in small groups.

With the advent of more and more sophisticated ways to measure genetic variation and relatedness using molecular markers, such as allozyme polymorphisms and DNA - based markers, not only can individuals be tracked as to their parentage, but changes in allele patterns over time and thus the effects of evolution on populations can be «seen» in the genetic information.

As it turns out, despite the initial skepticism about the importance of gene flow, modern empirical and theoretical research using up - to - date molecular and DNA techniques have shown us not only how surprisingly far the flow of genes between distant plant populations can be, but also that the flow of alleles among populations is just as important, if not more so in some cases, as natural selectioAs it turns out, despite the initial skepticism about the importance of gene flow, modern empirical and theoretical research using up - to - date molecular and DNA techniques have shown us not only how surprisingly far the flow of genes between distant plant populations can be, but also that the flow of alleles among populations is just as important, if not more so in some cases, as natural selectioas important, if not more so in some cases, as natural selectioas natural selection.

Today, evolution is defined as the change in the frequency of alleles in populations over time.

The allele — called POLLED — is much more common in beef cattle than dairy cows; as a result, just 25 % of beef cattle have to go through the painful process of dehorning.

Eventually Hamer found a variant, or allele, of a gene called VMAT, that corresponded to higher scores for what he had defined as spirituality.

Because of these limitations, the AAV approach is best suited for tissue culture based approaches that require modification of only a single allele of a gene, such as the introduction of heterozygous endogenous epitope tags, or the introduction of dominant mutations of a gene into the endogenous allele in cultured cells.

As shown in Table 1, the presence of one or two Mstn mutant alleles in combination with the F66 transgene resulted in increasingly more muscle mass than seen in F66 transgenic mice that were wild type for Mstn.

As expected, European dogs share more derived alleles with the ancient dogs than Indian village dogs, with ratios of 1.186 — 1.217 for HXH and 1.195 — 1.231 for NGD (Supplementary Table 17).

Genotyping of the lost - a-fintm110b allele was performed as described (28).

Altogether, the haplotypes of the three ancient samples were classified as either dog or wolf - like for 18 matrices that showed clear distinction between dog and wild canid haplotypes based on average reference allele counts calculated per window.

The research also demonstrated how these non-random outcomes can be harnessed to produce a desired effect, such as a gene knockout or the reading frame restoration of a disease - causing allele.

Our data suggest that certain presumed null alleles, although unable on their own to support basal transcription, may in fact have a substantial impact on disease outcome in compound heterozygous humans, as they do in mouse models.

In this view, allele counts (from individual or pooled specimens) for commonly assayed loci are displayed on the map as donut charts.

Some mouse strains are only archived as knockout - first allele («tm1a allele»), but if users are interested in another allele which is not cryopreserved at EMMA, some EMMA nodes offer allele conversion as a service.

Although phenotypic consequences, referred to here as biallelic effects, resulting from two different mutant alleles in compound heterozygote patients have been postulated, such effects have historically been difficult to distinguish from the influence of environment and genetic background.

Interallelic complementation is defined as the ability of two differentially mutated alleles to function better together than either can on its own.