Sentences with phrase «as photosynthetic»

Structurally, chlorella is a higher life form than spirulina, Spirulina is classified as a photosynthetic bacterium, while chlorella is a plant with a cell nucleus, making it exactly like the advanced fruits and vegetables we eat everyday.

As photosynthetic bacteria prospered and spread, the concentration of oxygen in air and water became abundant as early as Year 2.24 billion (see update from Bekker et al, 2004).

As photosynthetic bacteria became more and more populous on ancient Earth, they changed our atmosphere's composition.

Not exact matches

That is, oxygen tends to fall out of the air as rust and other mineral oxides rather than linger as a gas, so when it exists in abundance, something — photosynthetic life, in Earth's case — must be constantly replenishing it.

But with our planet as their guide, astrobiologists are forced to acknowledge that oxygen may be the least likely thing they will ever see — genetic evidence suggests the complex oxygen - producing photosynthetic pathway pioneered by cyanobacteria is an extraordinary evolutionary innovation that only appeared once throughout the entire multi-billion-year history of Earth's biosphere.

Listening to how projected sound reverberates through kelp beds allows scientists to eavesdrop on environmental factors such as water temperature and photosynthetic activity, bioacoustician Jean - Pierre Hermand reported June 28 at a meeting of the Acoustical Society of...

Listening to how projected sound reverberates through kelp beds allows scientists to eavesdrop on environmental factors such as water temperature and photosynthetic activity, bioacoustician Jean - Pierre Hermand reported June 28 at a meeting of the Acoustical Society of America.

About 2.7 billion years ago, photosynthetic algae in the oceans started making their mark, taking in carbon dioxide as fuel and sending the by - product — oxygen — skyward.

As a graduate student working on the mechanisms of photosynthetic enzymes, my Ph.D. advisor and I pondered how to increase plant productivity through genetic engineering.

SAN FRANCISCO, CALIFORNIA — About 1 % of the light that strikes plants is re-emitted as a faint, fluorescent glow — a measure of photosynthetic activity.

Instead, as suggested by the trickle - up theory of salmon restoration, the plankton tends to get eaten by tiny animals, which are then eaten by larger animals until, ultimately, all or most of the CO2 sucked up by the tiny plants during their photosynthetic life spans finds its way back to the atmosphere in relatively short order.

So just as different cells in a leaf contain different amounts of chlorophyll, coral cells seem to house different amounts of the photosynthetic algae that makes their food, Symbiodinium.

If phototrophs keep their photosynthetic apparatus for landing, the red - edge position of the land surface on M - dwarf planets show just like as on the Earth, at the initial stage of land vegetation.

These nitrogen - fixing, photosynthetic bacteria, also known as blue - green algae, are found in numerous habitats — in soil and lakes as well as the oceans.

These massive pile - ups generated mountain chains, and as the mountains eroded, they released nutrients into the oceans, feeding the photosynthetic bacteria.

Since these physiological features are shared by both Pereskia groups as well as other cacti, despite their ancient evolutionary split, the team concludes that they must have evolved first, and that the first cacti were «shrubs or small trees with photosynthetic leaves.»

For a photosynthetic organism — one that uses light as an energy source — such as the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, keeping in sync with day and night is a particularly important ability.

«When we look at this critical assembly protein, CGL71, it's as if we are looking back in time to the era when photosynthetic apparatus had to gradually adjust to the changing atmospheric conditions of our planet,» Grossman said.

Sara figured out how to boost algae oil levels, a trait that could make the photosynthetic organisms more attractive as a source of biofuels.

Some plants, such as soybeans, also store fats and can be used as fuel sources, but Bruce Rittmann, Vermaas's colleague at Arizona State, argues that photosynthetic microbes produce nearly 250 times more fat per acre.

The set of spinach proteins, known as Photosystem I, is a well - known component of the photosynthetic process.

Just as oxygen can rust iron that makes up a horseshoe or frying pan, it can damage the iron - and - sulfur proteins of the photosynthetic apparatus.

To remedy that absence, Golden's lab, along with plant physiologist Takao Kondo and colleagues at Nagoya University in Japan, developed an easy - to - read gauge of changing photosynthetic activity in colonies of the cyanobacterium Synechococcus, a blue - green alga whose one - celled organisms divide as often as once every 5 to 6 hours.

Venter and other scientists are experimenting with photosynthetic microbes such as algae and cyanobacteria (sometimes referred to as blue - green algae).

Plants and algae, as well as certain fungi and bacteria, also synthesize carotenoids, and in all of these organisms the pigments form part of the photosynthetic machinery.

«Because these plants are photosynthetic, it's not surprising to find that as the amount of sea ice cover declined, the amount of [photosynthesis] increased,» says biological oceanographer Kevin Arrigo of Stanford University's School of Earth Sciences, who led an effort to use the MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) devices on NASA's Terra and Aqua satellites to determine changes in phytoplankton growth.

An analysis of GOME - 2 data published in April suggests that carbon - cycle models underestimate peak photosynthetic output by as much as 50 — 75 % in parts of India, China and the African Sahel, and by 40 — 60 % in the «corn belt» of the US Midwest, which accounts for more than 40 % of the world's maize (corn) production (L. Guanter et al..

«The biofeedback system successfully maintained a wide range of ETR values in different species, while it also is capable of distinguishing between conversion of light into heat and damage to the photosynthetic machinery as causes for decreases in light use efficiency,» the authors said.

As most stars do not have the same distribution of light in color wavelengths as our Sun, however, some researchers hypothesize that photosynthetic life on extrasolar planets will not necessarily have the same colors as on EartAs most stars do not have the same distribution of light in color wavelengths as our Sun, however, some researchers hypothesize that photosynthetic life on extrasolar planets will not necessarily have the same colors as on Eartas our Sun, however, some researchers hypothesize that photosynthetic life on extrasolar planets will not necessarily have the same colors as on Eartas on Earth.

Super-complexes, able to specifically perform linear or cyclic photosynthetic electron flow have been identified, and all contain the enzyme ferredoxin NADP + reductase (FNR), which is also present as a soluble protein.

Many of these microbes persist today; for example, blue - green (cyanobacteria) or bright green, photosynthetic bacteria use light from the Sun and chlorophyll to convert carbon dioxide and water into «free» molecular oxygen and carbon, made into essential organic substances such as carbohydrates.

Given at least nine meters (roughly 30 feet) of water on the planet, photosynthetic microbes (including mats of algae, cyanobacteria, and other photosynthetic bacteria) and plant - like protoctists (such as floating seaweed or kelp forests attached to the seafloor) could be protected from «planet - scalding» ultraviolet flares produced by young red dwarf stars, according to Victoria Meadows of Caltech, principal investigator at the NASA Astrobiology Institute's Virtual Planetary Laboratory.

As proposed by Andrew Goldsworthy in 1987, cyanobacteria and later chloroplast - related protists and plants developed after microbes that used a purple pigment bacteriorhodopsin that absorbs green light dominated the oceans, and so the new photosynthetic cyanobacteria were forced to use the left - over light with chlorophyll that reflects green light, which was too complex to change even after purple - reflecting photosynthetic lifeforms were no longer dominant (Debora MacKenzie, New Scientist, September 10, 2010 — more on the evolution of photosynthetic life and plants on Earth).

The continued reduction in the extent of sea ice in the Arctic is expected to lead to increased photosynthetic primary production and POC flux there (Jones et al., 2014), which could benefit fauna whose energetic demands increase as a result of ocean acidification (e.g., calcifying taxa).

This would have enormous implication for subsequent evolution as earth's oceans atmosphere were oxygenated by photosynthetic bacteria creating extensive stromatolitic reefs.

The photosynthetic engine can't work as efficiently.»

The innovative aspect of this activity was the notion that the concept of macroscopic devices could be extended to the molecular level, and that it was possible to design supramolecular systems that, upon stimulation with external energy stimuli such as UV / Visible light, are capable of performing a variety of specific functions: (i) systems for information processing (e.g., wires, switches, antennas, plug / socket systems, extension cables, memories, logic gates, encoder / decoder, rudimentary neuron - like systems), (ii) devices that when powered by chemical energy or electrochemical energy or by light exhibit machine - like behavior (e.g., piston / cylinder systems, shuttles, lifts, rotary rings, dendritic photo - switchable boxes), and (iii) components for artificial photosynthetic systems.

These solar cells utilise the photosynthetic properties of microorganisms such as algae to convert light into electric current that can be used to provide electricity.

Although the idea was designed as a way to potentially produce clean energy, there are implications for recreating a photosynthetic atmosphere as well [source: Chandler].

The photosynthetic reaction center is a membrane protein as well — the very first membrane protein whose structure could be elucidated.

Earth's much thicker layer of low - level ozone, however, has a much larger contribution from the build - up of molecular oxygen beginning some 2.4 billion years ago from photosynthetic microbes excreting oxygen as a waste gas, which now along with plant life is constantly replenishing Earth's two - atom as well as three - stom ozone oxygen molecules.

In contrast, photoautotrophs, i.e. photosynthetic organisms such as plants and algae, use the energy of sunlight (photo = sunlight) to synthesize the carbon compounds they need to grow and reproduce.

«Coral breaching, in which symbiotic photosynthetic algae of corals are killed by high temperatures and coral reefs are severely damaged, is regarded as a serious environmental issue, but plausibly, similar phenomena may be ubiquitously found in the ecosystem,» said Dr. Fukatsu.

Reasoning that, because it fluctuated daily, water vapour was continually recycling itself in and out of the atmosphere, he turned his attention to carbon dioxide, a gas resident for a long time in the atmosphere whose concentration was only (at that time) dramatically changed by major sources such as volcanoes or major drawdowns such as unusual and massive episodes of mineral weathering or the evolution of photosynthetic plants: events that occur on very long, geological timescales.

Remote Sensing of Life: Polarimetric Signatures of Photosynthetic Pigments as New Biomarkers, Berdyugina, S.V., Kuhn, J.R., Harrington, D.M., Santl - Temkiv, T., Messersmith, E.J., International Journal of Astrobiology, 15, 45 - 56 (2016) PDF Download

Even more crustal minerals were formed by plate tectonics with the help of lubricating ocean water, atmospheric oxygen from the successful development of photosynthetic microbes, and land - based lichens (of algae and fungi) and mosses which were followed by deep - rooted plants that hastened the erosion and weathering of surface rocks with the help of biochemical action and the creation of soils as well as new clay minerals.

The rise was fast enough, however, for the chemocline to reach the photic zone by the time of deposition of the lower part of Unit II, as indicated by the presence of biomarkers for photosynthetic green sulfur bacteria (Sinnighe Damsté et al., 1993; Repeta, 1993).

Lichens, which are a symbiotic association of a fungal and photosynthetic organism, are generally not considered plants in the purest sense of taxonomy, although earlier classification schemes viewed them as plants.

However, it's natural for living organisms to trash the planet as they divide and consume — just look at all of the organisms that went extinct over 2 million years ago when selfish photosynthetic bacteria began spewing oxygen into the atmosphere and eradicating countless species of anaerobic bacteria.

Sea ice is critical for polar marine ecosystems in at least two important ways: (1) it provides a habitat for photosynthetic algae and nursery ground for invertebrates and fish during times when the water column does not support phytoplankton growth; and (2) as the ice melts, releasing organisms into the surface water [3], a shallow mixed layer forms which fosters large ice - edge blooms important to the overall productivity of polar seas.