As shade coffee maintains the tree canopy, these coffee plantations are particularly important for migratory and resident bird species.
Not exact matches
Here's the thing: This latest version contains no mandatory criteria for
shade cover for
shade - tolerant crops such
as coffee.
It seems that both yield and quality is higher in such conditions and that the market (ultimately the consumers) does not know how to separate between terms such
as organic, song bird
coffee,
shade - grown
coffee, etc..
As El Salvador grows mainly older types of
coffee — mostly bourbons and pacas — they are typically grown in
shade.
This
coffee is not certified organic, and is labeled
shade grown but is not certified
as such by Rainforest Alliance or Smithsonian.
For example, migratory birds often use
shade coffee farms
as a corridor when moving between temperate and tropical regions (e.g., Greenberg et al. 1997).
Unlike sun
coffee systems, which do not provide pollinators with resources throughout the year (Jha and Vandermeer 2010) and are less permeable to dispersing organisms (e.g., Muriel and Kattan 2009),
shade coffee farms can promote pollinator populations and serve
as corridors for organisms moving regionally between forest fragments.
On the other hand, there are also
coffees marketed
as «
shade grown» that may not be grown under any sort of measurable criteria.
In addition, some
coffees from
shade certified farms are not sold with the «seal» if the retailer decides not to market it
as such.
The focus is on research on
coffee growing (e.g., how
shade impacts pests, yield, and biodiversity),
as well
as topics such
as the economics of various certifications.
In countries where robusta cultivation has been encouraged and expanding, such
as Vietnam,
shade agroforestry systems and native forests have been removed in favor of growing the
coffee in full sun.
Unfortunately, so are some
coffees that are grown under conditions that might not be best for biodiversity, such
as shaded monoculture, or conceivably even in full sun, if a retailer or distributor were particularly, um, «shady.»
Coffees from these sources may be labeled by roasters
as «
shade grown.»
Although
shade coffee farms can provide habitat for some species, they do not possess the complete suite of species or ecosystem functions
as the original habitat.
In Venezuela, they were found foraging in the
coffee understory
as well
as in the canopy of
shade coffee farms.
The SAN promotes agroforestry and
shade - canopy coverage for
shade - tolerant crops (particularly
coffee and cocoa)
as a way to conserve biodiversity while helping farmers produce a high - quality crop.
I am currently working with small scale farmers in the Ecuadorian highlands and we have recently become interested in the idea of growing
shade - grown
coffee as a way of sustaining the local growers and preserving some of the native forests in the region.
For instance, 40 %
shade canopy coverage was previously recommended for
coffee in much of Central America, but these recommendations are changing in some places
as coffee rust decimates
coffee crops.
I understand that
shade over the crop is not always appropriate — in which case I believe a good alternative would be a mitigation requirement for a contiguous forested patch or ecologically equivalent habitat of the same size
as the
coffee crop elsewhere on the farm.
Nitrogen - fixing trees on
shade coffee farms enrich the soil,
as do the fallen leaves from the
shade trees.
Although I have found a lot of background information regarding
shade - grown
coffee,
as well
as more specific information mainly to do with biodiversity indices and legislation and the requirements of the
shade providing canopy I have been having a lot of trouble finding practical resources for farmers.
This study radiotracked several species of resident forest birds in the Coto Brus province of southern Costa Rica, now «dominated by sparsely -
shaded coffee farms» — recall that in my post on
coffee growing in Costa Rica that most farms, including those marketed
as «
shade»
coffee, have few
shade trees of only a couple of species, and lack the structural complexity necessary for true biodiversity preservation.
Unlike arabica
coffee, which can (and is, in much of Mexico) grown
as an agroforestry crop under mixed
shade, robusta is grown in the sun and will require the clearing of valuable lowland forests, no doubt substantial amounts of fertilizer and pesticides, and cause collateral environmental damage.
While not
as strong
as the original 2005
coffee standard, criteria # 2.8 at least sets out some sort of
shade and tree diversity requirements.
The paper is a straightforward look at the how different
shade coffee systems store carbon and their levels of greenhouse gas emissions,
as well
as how a few certifications (organic, Rainforest Alliance, UTZ Certified) influence those metrics.
These include live fences (hedgerows), riparian zones and conservation of forested areas,
as well
as an optimum
shade level for agroforestry crops such
as coffee.
I am going to try to focus here on the «
shade criteria» which is very important for
coffee, especially
as it relates to birds.
Further, if the proposed criteria will permit the
shade / tree requirements to be outside the production area
as you mentioned, then there is less justification to reduce the amount of
shade required for
coffee in the standard.
Sustainable
coffee agrosystems frequently rely on fallen leaves from their
shade trees
as well
as the application of
coffee skins and other organic matter for soil moisture retention and fertilization, providing another means in which these farms can contribute to carbon sequestration.
A roaster could legitimately market this
coffee as shade - grown, but a consumer would have little or no clue
as to what standards are being met, since there is no designation or explanation on the OCIA web site.
But this holds promise for farms that are growing sun
coffee or
shade monoculture
as they can gain credits for planting
shade trees or for reforestation — the more the better.
Integrating
shade criteria into existing organic criteria to create an «organic +» category is something that has been discussed for quite some time
as an option to help achieve some sort of «environmental seal» for
coffee [2,3].
Since these must be beyond «business
as usual,» existing
shade coffee farms might not be able to greatly increase their amount of carbon sequestration.
The
coffee: This blend is certified Fair Trade and organic, and is labeled
as shade grown.
Considering that a number of Caribou offerings are from Africa and Asia, which are not eligible for
shade certification and which often are grown under
shade as a matter of course, this means that well over half of Caribou's
coffees will represent
shade coffees, in one shape or form.
In areas where
coffee farms have been converted to sun
coffee, Inga -
shaded farms have become important refuges for orioles
as well
as other species.
Other flowering trees that are often grown
as shade trees in
coffee farms, such
as Erythrina and Gliricidia, are also visited by orioles and other birds.
If low requirements for
shade production become mainstreamed and legitimized, and are seen
as the true benchmarks for eco-friendly
coffee production, habitat quality and biodiversity will suffer.
Research carried out by the Smithsonian Migratory Bird Centre in Colombia and Mexico showed over 90 percent fewer bird species in sun - grown
coffee plantations
as opposed to
shade - grown
coffee59.
By maintaining abundant forest cover in
shade coffee plantations, they can function
as buffer zones and can form the backbone to the biological corridor linking the two national parks and other forest fragments.
Shade is conducive to
coffee rust
as compared to full sun exposure under standardized fruit load conditions
As play was concluding, Beem ambled into the press room in the
Shades of Green hotel wearing his usual off - course uniform — T - shirt, shorts and sandals — and swigging from a
coffee cup.
As I sit here annoyed by the guy on his cell phone next to me and vaguely nauseated by the residual skunk smell, I can remember drinking an iced
coffee in the dappled light beneath the Sycamore tree that
shaded the town square of Karyes.
More environmentally beneficial
shade - grown
coffee has actually declined
as sales of supposedly sustainable
coffee have risen
Myers said the shift to technified
coffee production changed the process to look more like traditional large wheat or soybean farms in the United States
as opposed to allowing
coffee plants to grow in smaller
shaded areas.
Plant scientists from the United States, Britain, and Latin America have teamed up with chocolate manufacturers to plot counterattacks, such
as introducing benign fungi to displace the bad ones and planting cacao between taller
coffee trees that supply fungi - stopping
shade.
Typically the teeth are stained by everyday stains like
coffee, red wine, tea, curry, blackcurrant and gravy to name a few but the excellent news is that many people act in response very definitely to the treatment and the staining can be removed and whiten your teeth by
as much
as 6 - 8
shades.
But there's something deliberate about the design elements in the series, just
as there's a reason boutiques festoon their doorways with artificial flowers and
coffee shops agonize over the right
shade of sage for their subway tiles.
We've received photos of this specific car when it was still in one
shade, orange all over, during a visit at the 2012 Euro Car Show in Saskatchewan... by June 6 2013 the car came to Cars &
Coffee at Le Macaron in Regina wearing the black wrap with style... I'm not sure if this is the same car
as the one Zahir Rana from ZR Auto had wrapped in a full chrome look in March 2013, but it sure looks very close... could still be two different cars altogether.
A sampling of our publisher / clients include Plexus Publishing, the publisher of Boardwalk Empire, the bestseller which served
as the basis for the hit HBO series of the same name; HarperCollins, The Writer's
Coffee Shop, original publishers of the international literary sensation Fifty
Shades of Grey; and Ellora's Cave, formerly one of the largest independent romance publishers in the world.