In fact, the American Heart
Association admits that screening by history - taking and
physical examination alone (without non-invasive testing) is insufficient to guarantee detection
of many critical cardiovascular abnormalities in large populations
of young athletes.
Cox regression was used to quantify the
association between running and mortality after adjusting for baseline age, sex,
examination year, body mass index, current smoking, heavy alcohol drinking, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia, parental CVD, and levels
of other
physical activities.