After choosing these sites, I used the option in NOWData's local search tool to search
the average annual temperatures recorded in each city for each year from 1895 through 2016.
Average annual temperatures recorded at the Buenos Aires weather station.
Not exact matches
There can be no doubt that the planet is warming; 2016 was the fifth time in the 21st century a new
record high
annual temperature has been set (along with 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2015) and also marks the 40th consecutive year (since 1977) that the
annual temperature has been above the 20th century
average.
Modern researchers have combined the fragmentary, overlapping
records they left behind into a series of
annual temperatures averaged over the region, which stretches from England's south coast 175 miles north to Manchester.
What's more, there are several long - term
records of global
annual average surface
temperatures.
However, while
annual global
average temperatures were locked in, it was still possible with immediate and strong action on carbon emissions to prevent
record breaking seasons from becoming
average — at least at regional levels.
Granted, while the globally
averaged annual temperatures for the years since the
record warm year of 1998 have not exceeded the 1998
record, the global
temperatures since 1998 have remained high, ranking as the second, third and fourth warmest years of the last 125 years (and quit possibly the last 2,000 + years).
The warmest year on
record was 2012 when the
annual average temperature was 55.3 °F.
This marks the fourth time in the 21st century a new
record high
annual temperature has been set (along with 2005, 2010, and 2014) and also marks the 39th consecutive year (since 1977) that the
annual temperature has been above the 20th century
average.
Following its warmest year on
record in 2013 and third warmest in 2014, 2015 remained warm in Australia, with the country experiencing its fifth highest nationally -
averaged annual temperature in the 106 - year period of
record, with a mean
temperature 0.83 °C (1.49 °F) higher than the 1961 — 1990
average, according to the Bureau of Meteorology.
Every state had an
annual temperature that was above
average and ranked in at least the warmest third of the historical
record.
This marks the fifth time in the 21st century a new
record high
annual temperature has been set (along with 2005, 2010, 2014, and 2015) and also marks the 40th consecutive year (since 1977) that the
annual temperature has been above the 20th century
average.
For example the Central England
Temperature record tells us that
annual average temperatures in the 1690s (in the depths of the Maunder Minimum) plummeted as low as 7.27 deg C (in 1695) but rose to 10.47 deg C (in 1733 - note that the figure for 2005 is 10.44 deg C).
For the contiguous United States and Alaska, 2016 was the second - warmest year on
record and the 20th consecutive year that the
annual average surface
temperature exceeded the 122 - year
average since
record keeping began, according to NOAA.
Granted, while the globally
averaged annual temperatures for the years since the
record warm year of 1998 have not exceeded the 1998
record, the global
temperatures since 1998 have remained high, ranking as the second, third and fourth warmest years of the last 125 years (and quit possibly the last 2,000 + years).
Paul donahue # 155: «Now please explain to me why, over a couple decades, stations are increasingly
recording daily, monthly and even
annual record high
temperatures at a rate that now
averages three times the rate that
record low
temperatures are set.»
Hidden within
annual averages and expected variability are startling instances of new
temperature and rainfall
records in many parts of the world.
The
records of
annual average global
temperature represent the extreme but also carry weight because all other local information has been lost.
If you have a reconstruction of
annual average temperatures at a location over the past 1000 yrs with an error range of, say, + / -0.3 deg C in the proxy data, and the net
temperature change over that time period is 1.0 deg C from the proxy data, your counts and timing of
records are going to be heavily dependent on errors.
By taking the time to download and analyze, and summarize
annual average temperature records from hundreds of weather reporting stations, from the US, Canada, England, Iceland, Norway, Denmark, the Faroe Islands and Greenland.
The
annual average temperature this year was 54.4 °F — just shy of 55.3 °F, the
average for 2012, the warmest year on
record, according to National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration's National Centers for Environmental Information
annual summary.
This animation shows
annual temperatures each year since 1880 compared to the twentieth - century
average, ending with
record - warm 2016.
I couldn't find their «2003 measurements of seasonal LST» or their «
annual average LST», although Figure 29 of that CLIMLAKE report does show a three year
temperature record for two places on the lake, so I suppose they might have used those.
The 2014
annual average temperature shattered the state's previous
record set in 1934 by 1.8 degrees Fahrenheit.
At the start of the unadjusted Phoenix
record, the
average annual temperature was roughly 20 - 21 °C.
By comparison, from the same
record, the
annual average temperatures for all the years between 2001 to 2013 fit within a range of 0.10 C.
According to NOAA's 2016 Arctic Report Card, the
average annual surface air
temperature anomaly (+3.6 °F / 2.0 °C relative to the 1981 - 2010 baseline) over land north of 60 ° N between October 2015 and September 2016 was by far the highest in the observational
record beginning in 1900.
The sudden change in minimum
temperature differences between Perth Metro and Perth Airport from 1997 can be seen in
average annual minima
recorded at both weather stations.
On March 24, 2016, just four days after the end of astronomical winter [6]-- which saw
temperatures from 11 to 14 °F above
average in the central Arctic — sea ice in the Arctic hit 5.607 million mi ² (14.52 million km ²), its lowest
annual maximum since
records began in 1979.
(01/06/2014) Australia had its warmest year on
record, with
annual temperatures 1.2 degrees Celsius (2.16 degrees Fahrenheit) above the 1961 - 1990
average, according to a new analysis from Australia's Bureau of Meteorology (BOM).
As was widely covered in the media, 2014 saw the highest
annual average global surface
temperature since
records began, the report says:
Figure 1: DMI daily
temperature values,
annual average and linear trend over the entire
record period
The NOAA National Climatic Data Center's
annual summary posted on January 15 says: «The 2000 - 2009 decade is the warmest on
record, with an
average global surface
temperature of 0.54 deg C (0.96 deg F) above the 20th century
average.
Polar ice and marine
records indicate that
annual average surface
temperatures dropped by 2 - 6 °C in central Greenland (Fig. 1B) and by 1 - 3 °C in the North Atlantic Ocean and Europe.
Although the regions largely coincide with the continents rather than climatological criteria, the
annual mean
temperature averaged over these regions explains 90 % of the global mean
annual temperature variability in the instrumental
record»
The National Climatic Data Center (NCDC), which is part of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), has maintained global
average monthly and
annual records of combined land and ocean surface
temperatures for more than 130 years.
There is contamination of the air in the bubble by water; different results are obtained if the ice is crushed or melted to obtain the air sample; it takes decades for the air bubble to form; the raw data was smoothed out by a 70 year moving
average that removed the great
annual variability found in the 19th century and Stomata Index (SI)
records; closer examination revealed a major flaw in the hypothesis because
temperature rises before CO2.
Global solar irradiance reconstruction [48 — 50] and ice - core based sulfate (SO4) influx in the Northern Hemisphere [51] from volcanic activity (a); mean
annual temperature (MAT) reconstructions for the Northern Hemisphere [52], North America [29], and the American Southwest * expressed as anomalies based on 1961 — 1990
temperature averages (b); changes in ENSO - related variability based on El Junco diatom
record [41], oxygen isotopes
records from Palmyra [42], and the unified ENSO proxy [UEP; 23](c); changes in PDSI variability for the American Southwest (d), and changes in winter precipitation variability as simulated by CESM model ensembles 2 to 5 [43].
The year 2016 marked the warmest ocean
annual average temperatures ever
recorded, putting corals at risk and foreshadowing what we can expect as climate change continues.
However — it is telling that if 2014 sets a new
record for highest
average annual temperature it will only be a
record in «adjusted»
temperatures — not by any other standard.
Hidden within
annual averages and expected variability are startling instances of new
temperature and rainfall
records in many parts of the world — weather extremes that would once be considered anomalies but that now risk becoming the new norm as the Earth heats up.
However, if the 2011
annual average temperature continues for another three years we will have a 17 - year
record with a cooling trend of -0.04 °C per decade.
Because the relatively moderate early December cold - snap has dissipated, neither threshold is likely to be crossed which will make 2016 the second warmest year on
record overall and the warmest ever for
annual average of daily minimum
temperatures.
So, for the
record for
annual average of daily minimum
temperature to fail to be broken, December would need to have colder minimum
temperatures than any time in the past 32 years.
http://www.ruthfullyyours.com/2015/01/21/climate-reportings-hot-mess-holman-jenkins-jr/ Jenkins strongly objects to a quoting of statistician John Grego's calculation by an NYTimes editor which points out that if the
annual global
average temperature was a random function the odds of having so many of warmest years on
record (134 years) in the past decade would be 650 million to one.
An illustration of how meaningless the
record and the results are is given by the fact that in many years the difference in global
annual average temperature is at least half the 0.7 °C figure.
For the contiguous United States and Alaska, 2016 was the second - warmest year on
record and the 20th consecutive year that the
annual average surface
temperature exceeded the 122 - year
average since
record keeping began, according to NOAA.
For the
record, in the case of this «divergence», after dropping that post 1960 portion, the comparison between the reconstruction and the
temperature record was done using decadal «smoothing» (basically weighted moving
averages) of both series correlated on an
annual basis for the 80 year period 1880 to 1960 so that the reported correlation was extremely exaggerated and not interpretable as a simple correlation might be.
We know that increasing global
temperatures can lead to droughts, and Cape Town has been experiencing
record drought for years — getting only about half of its
average annual rainfall since 2015.
In order to simply match the
annual 2015
record,
temperatures would have to
average 0.65 °C for the rest of the year.