Sentences with phrase «b cells»

The mechanism used by Notch to regulate Myc in B cells is distinct from the mechanism used in other cell types, such as T cells, where Notch also regulates Myc.

After the artificial node had filled with antigen - specific T and B cells, Watanabe transplanted it into a mouse with no functioning immune system.

«Overall, the T follicular helper cells are important for B cells, you have more of those T cells in people with type 1 diabetes, they seem to be very important for the disease, and we have a new explanation of why RGS1 has been implicated,» Dr. Kissler sums up.

Once there, B cells that prove adept at binding to antigens become «memory» B cells that return to the bloodstream.

«In a nutshell, what we found is that this gene has an effect on the frequency of these T follicular helper cells, which are important for the B cells and seem to be important for the disease,» says Dr. Kissler, who is also an assistant professor of medicine at Harvard Medical School.

In another experiment, Kelsoe found that B cells expressing the rearrangement genes bound less tightly to an antigen than did B cells that didn't rearrange their DNA.

In the body, developing B cells are educated to distinguish the body's own substances from foreign ones.

Minguet and her team have discovered that the protein Caveolin - 1 regulates this organization, making it the key to activation of the B cells and the triggering of an immune response.

It is caused by the Epstein - Barr virus (EBV), which infects B cells (B - lymphocytes), producing a reactive lymphocytosis and the atypical T cells (T - lymphocytes).

Several pieces of evidence suggest that B cells are major players in type 1 diabetes, Dr. Kissler says.

When the team changed the medium to encourage the cells to differentiate, neurons arose from the mix, as did a variety of pancreatic cells, including b cells, based on the cells» genetic profiles.

Some sentries of the immune system — so - called B cells, which are charged with checking out the passersby of the bloodstream — undergo a type of basic training.

They also rally forces by docking to the CD40 receptor of B cells, stimulating these cells to manufacture potent immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibodies that can inactivate foreign proteins.

Andy Heath of the University of Sheffield Medical School in the United Kingdom and colleagues have bypassed these problems by creating a vaccine that activates the B cells directly, without relying on T cells.

That's because the insulin - making cells in the pancreas, called b cells, are either missing or malfunctioning.

Newfound cells in the pancreas give rise to neurons (red) and insulin - producing b cells (green).

In a mouse model of type 1 diabetes, RGS1 affects the population of one type of T cell called a «T follicular helper cell» that is critical for B cells and antibody production, Dr. Kissler and his colleagues reported recently in Genes and Immunity.

They found breaks in the spleen's germinal center of inoculated mice, indicating that B cells were rearranging their receptor genes.

They did discover that the inhibition changes the ways cells move within lymph nodes and the spleen, organs in which T follicular helper cells interact with B cells to promote antibody production.

B cells that do not produce Caveolin - 1 can not properly organize the receptor on the cell membrane and as a result, efficient signal transfer fails.

The b cells secreted insulin, the team found, and adding sugar to their media made the b cells spew out more than twice as much of the hormone, just as b cells in the body release insulin in response to sugar.

Yong - Jun Liu, an immunologist at DNAX in Palo Alto, California, says these papers demonstrate a «very important mechanism» for maintaining functional B cells.

Among them, certain antibodies that are linked to autoimmune attack and produced by B cells are the best known indicators for risk of type 1 diabetes.

As Hayday explains, his team looked at myriad genes expressed in blood samples, most of which were not related to B cells.

B cells recognize substances via B cell antigen receptors (BCR).

The auto - reactive B cells produced autoantibodies that mistakenly targeted proteins within their own body, in particular targeting immune inflammatory molecules called interferons and interleukins.

In the case of IGF2BP3 and B - cell leukemia, the overall effect of the RNA binding protein is to promote the proliferation of B cells by shifting the expression of a large number of genes, Sanford said.

The artificial receptor acts as a lure for the B cells that target Dsg3, bringing them into fatal contact with the therapeutic T cells.

Selective immunoproteasome inhibition using the inhibitor ONX 0914 reduced the number of B cells and plasma cells and suppressed donor - specific allo - antibody production.

«We were able to show that the treatment killed all the Dsg3 - specific B cells, a proof of concept that this approach works,» Payne said.

However, the researchers observed that only 20 to 30 percent of HSCs took on this generalist role, contributing all of the most abundant types of white blood cells — called granulocytes, B cells and T cells.

B cells are a type of immune cell that produce antibodies.

B cells, which produce antibodies, can also cause autoimmunity.

Mella says that all the B cells are gone within two weeks or so of the treatment, but autoantibodies typically survive in the body for another two or three months.

They say this delayed response tallies with the idea that CFS is caused by autoantibodies — antibodies, made by B cells, that mistakenly attack the body's own tissues.

The engineered T cells also performed successfully in a mouse model of PV, killing desmoglein - specific B cells and preventing blistering and other manifestations of autoimmunity in the animals.

Rituximab is itself an antibody designed to target and destroy B cells.

«Role of RNA binding protein in driving cancer, leukemia study reveals: Abnormally expressed in cancer cells, the protein was found to promote the proliferation of B cells in B - cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.»

«We thought we could adapt this technology that's really good at killing all B cells in the body to target specifically the B cells that make antibodies that cause autoimmune disease,» said Milone.

The team developed a «chimeric autoantibody receptor,» or CAAR, that displays fragments of the autoantigen Dsg3 — the same fragments to which PV - causing antibodies and their B cells typically bind, as Payne's laboratory and others have shown in prior studies.

At higher transplantation doses, these HSCs opted to differentiate early, producing a balanced array of T cells and B cells.

The modified T cells contain a protein known as a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR), which is designed to target the CD19 protein found on the surface of B cells, including the cancerous B cells that characterize several types of leukemia and lymphoma.

Sometimes when the immune system makes small mistakes, the body amplifies its response in a big way: Editing errors in the DNA of developing T and B cells can cause blood cancers.

When the immune system stumbles upon an unknown foreign invader for the first time, it often takes days before lashing out with full force — a time during which T cells start dividing and differentiating into specialized cells, such as antibody - producing B cells and killer T cells.

Surprisingly, Peyer's patch B cells have an increased level of GARP expression, likely needed to regulate the activation of these B cells.

On top of the T cell abnormalities, chronic GVHD involves antibody - producing B cells and scavenger cells called macrophages.

Fish that survived infection also had a significant increase in IgT - producing B cells in their gills, an additional sign that the IgT response was a key to fighting the parasite.

Because CD4 + (helper) T cell responses have been shown to be sufficient for protection from WNV challenge (independent of B cells and CD8 + T cells) and crucial for viral clearance from the CNS, the researchers focused on the WNV - specific CD4 + T cell repertoires present in the blood samples.

In germinal centers — the sites within lymph nodes where mature B cells cluster — B cells proliferate and undergo hypermutation of their antibody genes to generate high - affinity antibodies.

The abnormal white blood cells — known as B cells — sometimes released skeins of DNA similar to NETs.