The simpler approach to calculating the downward radiation from a given gas by the total concentration across say 10 km of atmosphere is going to give a very approximate answer — this is
because the absorption lines change their width with pressure and temperature.
Because the absorption line one usually studies is called the Lyman alpha line, this phenomenon is called the Lyman alpha forest.
Not exact matches
But
because these gas clouds are at different distances from us, most also at distances where red shift is not negligible, we get not only one
absorption line, but several different (one for every gas cloud at every different distance and therefore different red shift).
It turns out that
absorption of magnesium from our intestine depends not only on the amount of magnesium that is present but also on the amount of calcium that is present,
because the cells
lining our intestine have a single spot (called the CaSR receptor) for absorbing these minerals.
Thanks Ray and all (especially Alexander's query
because I had a similar uncertainty about the interplay of
absorption line energy and thermal energy.)
Because in reality, all these gases have
absorption lines somewhere in the spectrum, so they all interact with radiation at various frequencies.
GHGs are special
because they have
lines within the IR bands that fit into the remaining spectral «windows»; but then why are those windows important, when the non-windows have been closed exactly by
absorption by other gases?
It is rare that climate models — even just 1d profiles — are run with LBL codes
because it takes a huge amount of computer time due to the very detailed
absorption lines for every single gas.
Note that even for the strongest
absorption line, the measurements rely on obtaining ultra-high purities of nitrogen
because any small contamination by CO or CO2 overwhelms the measurement:
Moreover, in the upper atmosphere where the
lines are separated there is little
absorption because of that.If you want the real story about the problem with Arrhenius's model read this poster.