Methane production and transport within the marsh biome of
Biosphere 2 (NASA Technical Report No. 19990021123).
Tubiello, F.N., 1998: The future of
Biosphere 2: A facility for research on global change and sustainable agriculture.
You've heard of
Biosphere 2?
Solar energy trapped in
biosphere 2.
«Urth» will debut a commission shot at
the Biosphere 2 ecological research center in Arizona and will include screenings of two of the artist's feature films.
Eric Heist is currently working on a body of work that considers the 1992
Biosphere 2 project in the Tucson, Arizona area.
It is courtesy of Dr. Cornelia Büchen - Osmond
Biosphere 2 Center.
In Oracle, Arizona, sits one of the more intriguing experiments in «closed - system» science ever devised:
Biosphere 2, which forms the backdrop for the novel, The Terranauts.
However, far from becoming a white elephant,
Biosphere 2 remains an active laboratory for scientific research and outreach, hosting visitors ranging from elementary schools to post-graduate scientific researchers.
Continuing the tradition of excellence established by other award - winning titles in the Scientists in the Field series is Carson's latest on the Arizona - based research project
Biosphere 2.
No longer focused on how to colonize Mars,
Biosphere 2's research directly impacts people's lives.
Formerly a self - contained mini earth inhabited by a group of scientists,
Biosphere 2 now acts as a «bridge between a laboratory and the real world,» combining research with public education and tours.
Columbia took over
Biosphere 2 (Biosphere 1 is Earth) in 1995 and did produce some science — most notably proof that increases in CO2 levels hinder coral - reef growth.
Howarth believes the ecosystems could be sustainable if the owner of
Biosphere 2, Space Biosphere Ventures, invested more money in the project.
Howarth and Wallace Broecker, the geochemist at the Lamont - Doherty Geological Observatory in New York who identified soil bacteria as the cause of the oxygen loss, urged Space Biosphere Ventures to postpone the next manned phase of the project until they had addressed the basic biogeochemical imbalance inside
Biosphere 2.
Undaunted by the problems that bedevilled their predecessors, a second batch of human guinea pigs entered
Biosphere 2 last week.
Biosphere 2 (Earth is Biosphere 1, say the Biospherians), covering more than three acres of desert and 10 stories high, was hyped as the most ambitious closed ecosystem in history.
He points to Klaus Lackner, a Columbia University geophysicist, and Alan Wright, an engineer formerly with
the Biosphere 2 project, who are designing and building the first atmospheric CO2 extraction machine.
But the five natural ecosystems established in
Biosphere 2 have had more variable success.
Biosphere 2 has stood amid the paloverde, mesquite, and ocotillo southwest of Oracle, Arizona, for less than 20 years, yet it looks decidedly aged.
Sullivan has been using
the Biosphere 2 ocean to develop newer, more accurate sampling methods for this task.
No one has been feeding them, says Matt Sullivan, the University of Arizona molecular and evolutionary biologist who now presides over the underwater portion of
Biosphere 2.
Constructed between 1987 and 1991,
Biosphere 2 was a 3.14 - acre sealed greenhouse containing a miniature rain forest, a desert, a little ocean, a mangrove swamp, a savanna, and a small farm.
Down below there is also a cavelike aquarium with viewing windows into
the Biosphere 2 ocean.
For a while it looked as if
Biosphere 2 would become a theme park at the center of a housing development.
However promising the facility was during the Columbia period, grant applications and submissions for publication from
Biosphere 2 were undermined by the project's bad press.
He continues to fund research at
Biosphere 2.
By January 1993,
Biosphere 2's carbon dioxide levels were 12 times that of the outside, and oxygen levels were what mountaineers get at 17,000 feet.
Today
Biosphere 2 is still open to visitors, a strange mixture of botanical garden, aquarium, and house museum about the lives of the early - 1990s Biospherians with slightly big hair and loose - fitting clothes.
That makes sense, since the university's new research focus for
Biosphere 2 is water: not just rain but runoff, absorption by soil, use by plants, and evaporation.
Biosphere 2 is a greenhouse in the desert, and Columbia was paying as much as $ 1.5 million a year to cool it.
By manipulating the acidity of
the Biosphere 2 ocean and measuring the resulting growth rates in coral between 1996 and 2003, Langdon proved that ocean acidification from rising atmospheric carbon dioxide would radically affect calcium carbonate — shelled marine life (pdf).
Remarkably, after nearly two decades of separation from the Pacific,
Biosphere 2's seawater still looks like living seawater under the microscope.
By Broecker's account, Allen proffered a graph of the gas composition of
Biosphere 2's atmosphere, then nervously pulled it back, as if someone else might see it.
The difference between intake and output — just 1 to 2 percent of the total carbon going into ecosystems — accounts for the amount of carbon fixed in things like the trunks of
Biosphere 2's cottonwoods.
For two years the glass walls of
Biosphere 2 were lined with TV cameras and tourists.
His NSF grant might signal an end to
Biosphere 2's big chill in academia.
It had gone acid, absorbing carbon dioxide from
Biosphere 2's atmosphere and forming carbonic acid as a result.
The principals of the institute broke ground for
Biosphere 2 in January 1987.
Originally budgeted at $ 30 million,
Biosphere 2 had already cost a reported $ 200 million.
But while most research on impending environmental disaster relied on computer models,
Biosphere 2 represented a fascinating alternative mode in which large - scale analog experiments employed real organisms, soil, seawater, and air.
Arizona no longer runs
Biosphere 2 as a sealed facility.
Much attention had been focused on charismatic species when
Biosphere 2 was put together.
The University of Arizona, meanwhile, has linked research at
Biosphere 2 with projects that operate in the outside world.
The man behind
Biosphere 2 was John Allen, a Colorado School of Mines — trained metallurgist and Harvard MBA.
The morning after closure, the crew captain announced that carbon dioxide in
Biosphere 2's atmosphere had risen to 521 parts per million, a 45 percent increase above levels outside at the time.
By 1996
Biosphere 2 had passed into the hands of Columbia University, and later the University of Arizona took over.
In its later life, «instead of trying to model utopia,
Biosphere 2 would actually model dystopia — a future plagued by high carbon dioxide levels,» wrote Rebecca Reider, author of a definitive history of the project.
In fact, the producers of the world's first reality TV show, Big Brother, which aired in the Netherlands in 1999, acknowledged
Biosphere 2 as their inspiration.