In a study recently published in the journal Scientific Reports, researchers in USF's Center of Excellence for Aging and
Brain Repair say the results of their experiment are an early step in pursuing stem cells for potential repair of the blood - spinal cord barrier, which has been identified as key in the development of ALS.
Not exact matches
The study is an important demonstration that a drug might be used to
repair brain damage, Gallo
says.
We are learning things from the
brain sciences that might eventually help us
repair damaged
brains and understand mental illness, the authors
say, but the frenzied, money - and - media - driven application of neuroscience from «neuroeducation» to «neuroeconomics» is premature.
Dr Gomez - Nicola
says: «This study highlights the latent potential of the
brain to orchestrate a self -
repairing response.
Dr. Stuart Hameroff, lead author on the new TUS study,
said: «This suggests TUS may stimulate natural megahertz resonances in
brain microtubules, enhancing not only mood and conscious mental states, but perhaps also microtubule functions in synaptic plasticity, nerve growth and
repair.
«This is exactly the pharmacokinetic profile produced by lithium salicylate in our study,»
said senior author Doug Shytle, PhD, also of the Center of Excellence for Aging and
Brain Repair at USF Health.
«They felt something weird going on,» and when they moved away from the perceived exposure, some of «the symptoms abated,»
says Douglas Smith, director of UPenn's Center for
Brain Injury and
Repair.
«This study, carried out using laboratory rats modeling stroke, demonstrated that ischemic stroke — in both its subacute and chronic stages — damages the BSCB in a variety of ways, creating a toxic environment in the spinal cord that can lead to further disability and exacerbate disease pathology,»
said study lead author Dr. Svitlana Garbuzova - Davis, associate professor in USF's Center of Excellence for Aging and
Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery and
Brain Repair.
«Despite its narrow therapeutic window and the emergence of proprietary alternatives, U.S. FDA - approved lithium therapeutics are still regarded as the «gold standard» for the treatment of the manic phase of bipolar disorder,»
said study lead author Adam J. Smith, PhD, a neuroscientist at the Center of Excellence for Aging and
Brain Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, at USF Health.
«Because our investigations on the post-stroke microvascular alterations, including BSCB damage, have just begun, many questions remain,»
said senior author Dr. Cesario Borlongan, professor and director of the USF Center of Excellence for Aging and
Brain Repair.
«We're going to try and get some Sonic hedgehog from them,»
says Clive Svendsen of the Medical Research Council's Centre for
Brain Repair in Cambridge.
While biomedical researchers have had some successes in
repairing peripheral nerves and nerve clusters outside the
brain and spinal cord in humans, there currently is no effective way to regenerate broken nerve cells in the central nervous system,
said Xue.
DDRs inhibition with a tyrosine kinase inhibitor appears to insulate the
brain via blood -
brain barrier
repair, which prevents harmful immune cells that circulate in the body from getting into the
brain where they can indiscriminately attack and kill healthy and sick neurons, like those that have been unable to perform autophagy to «take out their trash,»
says Moussa.
Indeed, Oliva
says; «Human cognitive and computational neuroscience is a fast - growing area of research, and knowledge about how the human
brain is able to see, hear, feel, think, remember, and predict is mandatory to develop better diagnostic tools, to
repair the
brain, and to make sure it develops well.»
Understanding how networks of cells in circuits work together to give rise to behaviors, thoughts, and emotions requires new technology, he
said, and optogenetics is starting to provide new approaches for mapping and
repairing the
brain.
Similarly, using light to stimulate atrophied neurons that may be associated with schizophrenia could someday allow clinicians to
repair cognitive function, Boyden
said, and enhance the flow of information through disordered
brain circuits that otherwise may be giving rise to delusions and paranoia.
Whether Arc is involved in regulating the plasticity of other neurological functions mediated by other
brain structures, like learning, memory, or
repair, remains to be tested but will be examined in the future,
says Shepherd.
«Everyone was focusing on genes expressed in the
brain,»
says Levitt, «but this gene is important for
repair of the intestine and immune function.
Because the stem cells are similar to those that normally give rise to blood cells, he
says, it is unlikely that they can
repair or replace neurons in the
brain.
Such plasticity in what is a major pathway in the adult canary's
brain is surprising,
say the researchers, and suggests that one day we may find ways of encouraging damaged human
brains to
repair themselves (Science, vol 249, p 1444).
Known as a PARP inhibitor, the drug acts on a defect in the DNA
repair mechanism in the
brain tumor cells, they
said.
«We know very well now that the
brain is plastic and changes over time, but we didn't know if this could happen as a
repairing mechanism or a compensatory mechanism in schizophrenia,»
says Antonio Vita, a professor of psychiatry at the University of Brescia in Italy.
Georgetown University Medical Center neuroscientists
say rest — for more than a day — is critical for the
brain to reset neural networks and
repair any short - term injury.
Tsai
said, «We just directly recruit other neurons and other cell types in the
brain to enable the
brain's inner ability to
repair itself.»
Their anti-inflammatory counterparts, M2s — better known for their ability to aid
repair and recovery and typically in the majority in a healthy
brain — now take a back seat, Vaibhav
says.
«Two decades of discoveries in the fields of stem cell biology, cortical
brain development, and cell transplantation have revealed the potential for particular types of neurons to
repair the nervous system, representing a possible breakthrough therapy for patients with devastating neurological diseases,»
said Cory Nicholas, Co-Founder, VP of Research at Neurona.
It is now almost routine to grow skin cells from a patient with,
say, a neurological disease; turn them into pluripotent cells in a Petri dish; convert the cells into nerve cells to study the disease process; and contemplate using the cells to
repair the same patient's damaged
brain.
This so - called reversion to normal, which has been seen in other studies, may indicate that in some cases the
brain actually
repairs some of the damage it incurs — and this may be where sex differences come into play,
says Kenneth Rockwood, M.D., a professor of geriatric medicine at Dalhousie University, in Halifax, Nova Scotia.
Leptin, a relatively recently discovered hormone produced by fat, tells your body and
brain how much energy it has, whether it needs more (
saying «be hungry»), whether it should get rid of some (and stop being hungry) and importantly what to do with the energy it has (reproduce, upregulate cellular
repair, or not).
Said another way, «We know our primitive
brains are going to get us into trouble, let's accept that and practice reducing how we threaten each other, and
repair more quickly... because it's good for both of us!»