Not exact matches
As they studied
brain activity in the knockout mice, the researchers also found prominent
changes in a receptor in the
brain known as mGluR5 and other
proteins that support the function of neurons and synapses, said co-lead author Xiaoming Wang, M.D., Ph.D., senior research associate in Duke's department of pediatrics.
After enough
proteins get in on the act, holes begin to form in the
brain, causing physiological and behavioral
changes.
Prion diseases seem to start with
changes in the shape of the prion
protein found in mammalian
brains, which, mysteriously, prompt other identical prions to
change shape too.
Using human fetal «mini-brains» grown in 3 - D cultures, scientists determined that a specific
protein produced by the Zika virus
changes the properties of neural stem cells in the developing
brain of an infected fetus, potentially causing microcephaly in newborns (Ki - Jun Yoon, abstract 103.06, see attached summary).
Now, the team has published a new paper that demonstrates how these
proteins can be used as tools to regulate the activity of individual neurons in the
brain through
changes in temperature.
For example, mice have been given an extra color vision gene in the lab, and it has been shown that the
protein manufactured by that gene expands the scope of their vision by enhancing their ability to see longer - wavelength light without any other
changes in the
brain.
Although the researchers do not yet know how disruptions in TOP3B affect
brain development, they say the most likely explanation is that it
changes the shape of the RNA, and thereby disturbs which RNA molecules get copied into
proteins.
The cognitive impairments — which affected a large subset, but far from all, of the animals — appear to be linked to
protein changes in the
brain, the scientists say.
These
proteins are thought to be a hallmark of Alzheimer's disease, and their formation may trigger other
changes that lead to the death of
brain cells.
That study showed a
change in a pre-membrane
protein could cause microcephaly; the Nebraska study showed how glycosylation of the envelope
protein may contribute to the virus efficiently gaining entry into the
brain.
Boulanger was senior author on a 2013 paper in the journal Learning and Memory that found that mice bred to produce less functional MHCI
proteins exhibited striking
changes in the function of the hippocampus, a part of the
brain where some memories are formed, and had severe memory impairments.
To do this without a
brain or nervous system, says Ken Showalter, a chemist at West Virginia University, the organism relies on
proteins and nutrients that «swish back and forth» through the cell to communicate the location of the food and allow the organism to
change shape.
When the scientists recently gave mice a single dose of cocaine and looked for signs of autophagy in their
brain cells, they detected autophagy - associated
proteins and
changes in vacuoles in adults and in mouse pups whose mothers had received cocaine while pregnant.
Huntington's disease, for example, is caused by aggregating
proteins inside
brain neurons that ultimately lead to motor dysfunction, personality
changes, depression and dementia, usually progressing rapidly after onset in people's 40s.
Specifically, the release of a stress - coping hormone called corticotropin - releasing factor (CRF), which is widely found in the
brain and acts as a neurotransmitter / neuromodulator, is dysregulated in AD and is associated with impaired cognition and with detrimental
changes in tau
protein and increased production of amyloid - beta —
protein fragments that clump together and trigger the neurodegeneration characteristic of AD.
However, the team was able to show that so - called tight junction
proteins, which are known to be important for the blood -
brain barrier permeability, did undergo structural
changes and had altered levels of expression in the absence of bacteria.
Once testing was complete,
brain images, tissue and blood samples were used to analyze
changes to
brain structure and cytokine activity (
proteins released by the immune system to help fight off infections or diseases).
But if the
brain is diseased, a subset of those
proteins will have their concentration
changed.
«
Brain activity can
change both the structure of this
protein, as well as its function,» says Stefano Brigidi, first author of the article and a PhD candidate Bamji's laboratory.
We identified species - specific gene expression patterns indicating that
changes in
protein and gene expression have been particularly pronounced in the human
brain.
The DNA
change may inhibit the buildup of β amyloid, the
protein fragment that accumulates in the hallmark plaques that form in the
brains of Alzheimer's patients.
«Researchers probe
brain disease - causing
proteins at the atomic level: A
change in a single amino acid determines which species are vulnerable, study finds.»
Scientists at the Gladstone Institutes discovered that
changing a specific part of the huntingtin
protein prevented the loss of critical
brain cells and protected against behavioral symptoms in a mouse model of the disease.
Over-activation of the inflammatory
protein nuclear factor κB (NF - κB) in the
brain region leads to a number of aging - related
changes in mice, from cognitive decline to muscle weakness.
In the new research, published in Neuron, the scientists found that the apoE4
protein changes the activity of neurons in the hippocampus — an important memory center in the
brain that is severely affected by Alzheimer's disease.
In another study, those who reported SCI were also more likely to show
changes in their
brains on imaging scans, specifically demonstrating higher levels of beta - amyloid
protein.
Changing a specific part of the huntingtin
protein prevented the loss of critical
brain cells and protected against behavioral symptoms in a mouse model of the disease.
It is one of several diseases caused by
changes to a
brain protein called «tau» (which rhymes with wow).
Exercise also increases levels of the
protein brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), which helps your
brain change by nourishing your neurons and helping new ones grow.
Following disruption of the normal flora balance, mice became less cautious, and
changes in the animals»
brain - derived neurotrophic factor — a
protein associated with mood disorders — increased significantly.
''... we hypothesize that repeated stress - related allostatic overload may affect
brain function at three basic levels: (a) at the cellular level, it may compromise proteostasis (e.g. tau
protein), organelles homeostasis, and induce epigenetic
changes in neuronal DNA; (b) at the tissue level it may affect intracellular communication (synaptic contacts), number of cells (reduction of neuronal density), composition of the extracellular matrix (accumulation of amyloid plaques), and neuroinflammation; (c) at the systemic levels it may alter the
brain's regulation of behavior (cognitive decline).
These include insoluble extracellular plaques made of beta - amyloid peptide (Aβ); intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs) resulting from the hyperphosphorylation of tau (a microtubule - associated
protein); loss of hippocampal neurons; a decrease in production of
brain acetylcholine; and a marked decline in glucose usage in regions of the
brain associated with memory and learning.5,11,20 - 22 All of these
changes can be logically explained as the sequelae resulting from long - term dysregulation of insulin signaling and glucose metabolism.
The University of Maryland Medical Center says that the «body
changes phenylalanine into tyrosine, another amino acid that's needed to make
proteins,
brain chemicals, including L - dopa, epinephrine, and norepinephrine, and thyroid hormones.»
This little
protein is essential in your
brain being able to
change, to grow, and to adapt.
Real food contains nutrients like omega 3 fatty acids, zinc etc., which bring about positive
changes in a
brain protein.
This
protein also protects your
brain cells from
changes associated with Alzheimer's and Parkinson's disease.
Brain changes: Results from misfolded prion protein that causes a «domino effect» in which prion protein throughout the brain misfolds and thus malfunct
Brain changes: Results from misfolded prion
protein that causes a «domino effect» in which prion
protein throughout the
brain misfolds and thus malfunct
brain misfolds and thus malfunctions.
Brain changes: Lewy bodies are abnormal aggregations (or clumps) of the
protein alpha - synuclein.
Robust
changes in expression of
brain - derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and
protein across the
brain do not translate to detectable
changes in BDNF levels in CSF or plasma.