Neither do the results suggest that ODD symptoms may develop secondarily to CD symptoms, as none of the paths between ODD and
CD symptom levels in the unidirectional and the cross-lagged models were significant.
Not exact matches
Using a summary score of number of
CD symptoms, structural equation modelling was used to investigate whether mean
level and variation in
CD increased with more recent cohorts, and whether any increase in variance could be explained by familial or non-familial factors.
Pearson's product — moment correlation coefficient was used to address research question 3, which addressed the size of the association between
CD / ODD
symptoms and
level of insecurity.
Moreover, this study was limited to children with clinical
levels of
CD and / or ODD, or for whom data on
symptoms of these specific disorders was available.
Elevated
levels of CU traits in childhood account for unique variance in the prediction of later antisocial outcomes, over and above influences of competing disruptive behaviors; such as
symptoms of conduct disorder (
CD) and attention - deficit / hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)[1].
Table 2 contains the GLM and logistic regressions assessing the contribution of the independent variables, CU
levels, and the presence / absence of ODD on the children's psychological measures for the total sample (n = 622), adjusted by the covariates family SES, children's ethnicity and sex, other comorbid disorder different from ODD and the number of DSM - IV
CD symptoms.
One possible reason for this is that whereas Rowe et al. [11] based their results on analyses utilizing clinical cut - offs, we examined the temporal relations between ODD and
CD dimensionally in a sample that overall did not display very high
symptom levels.