The basic ingredients are easy to list: — absorption / emission properties (or spectroscopic parameters) of
CO2 at atmospheric pressures, i.e. data presently available from HITRAN - database combined with models of line broadening — observed properties of the atmosphere where most important features include clouds and moisture content, but many other factors have some influence — computer model of the transmission of radiation along the lines of MODTRAN or GENLN2
Not exact matches
When they factored in a constant level of
CO2, they discovered a surprising development: The change required a lower overall
atmospheric pressure — about one - sixth today's
pressure at sea level.
CO2 at room temperature and normal
atmospheric pressure has a density of 1.98 g / lt.
Cells were maintained in a humidified incubator
at 37 °C
at an
atmospheric pressure of 5 % (v / v)
CO2 / air.
:
CO2 when it's evaporated is in your air; but
CO2 can actually become a liquid, if it's
at a constant temperature
at a constant
atmospheric pressure.
Dr. Eric Zielinski:
CO2 when it's evaporated is in your air; but
CO2 can actually become a liquid, if it's
at a constant temperature
at a constant
atmospheric pressure.
It is noisily bubbling
CO2 into the atmosphere from fermentation and it will emit approximately 300 gallons (
at atmospheric pressure).
The processes (absorption of light, collisional energy transfer and emission) can be separated because the average time that an isolated
CO2 molecule takes before it emits a photon is much longer that the time for collisional de-excitation (~ tens of microseconds
at atmospheric pressure, less, higher in the atmosphere).
Low
atmospheric CO2 levels during the Permo - Carboniferous......
at a time when total
atmospheric pressure was similar or slight higher than now.
CO2 also becomes a more effective greenhouse gas
at higher
atmospheric pressures (even if super-imposed upon several more bars of a non-greenhouse gas like N2 would generate a much stronger GHE by increasing absorption away from line centers).
So
at the ocean surface, the
atmospheric pressure remains relatively constant, increased
CO2 concentrations lead to an increased partial
pressure of
CO2 but temperature leads to to a decreased solubility, partially canceling each other out.
The sinks capture any
CO2, man made or not,
at 2 ppmv / year, because of the increased
atmospheric pressure of
CO2.
Also, I'd appreciate any notes on the time scale for
CO2 * to relax vs the collision time between
CO2 and N2
at different
atmospheric levels (i.e.
pressure & temperature).
A smoothed time series of
atmospheric CO2 mole fraction (in ppm)
at the
atmospheric Mauna Loa Observatory (top red line), surface ocean partial
pressure of
CO2 (pCO2; middle blue line) and surface ocean pH (bottom green line)
at Station ALOHA in the subtropical North Pacific north of Hawaii for the period from 1990 — 2011.
Measurement of
CO2 concentration is always problematic; the «Standard Dry Air» SDA basis of measurement and comparison is
at standard temperature and
pressure which is a non-existent parameter; and as we are seeing,
CO2 is not a well - mixed gas
at all and will be defined by, amongst other variables, SH, or absolute humidity; SH can vary from 0 to 5 % by volume of atmosphere; as the SH increases, the absolute amount of other gases, including
CO2, decreases; to say therefore that
atmospheric concentrations of
CO2 have remained stable and not been above 280ppm over the last 650my is fanciful; even if you assume past
CO2 levels have not got above 280ppm the range of variation within that limit has been greater than the current increase;
The local
atmospheric pressure can tell you how much
CO2 you are looking through when gazing
at the sky (after correcting for humidity)
I obtained the 27 tons per acre by multiplying 390 ppm by 44/29 to get 592ppm of
CO2 by weight and then,
at sea level, the
atmospheric pressure being 14.7 psi, which is the weight of the atmosphere above one square inch of which.0592 % or 0.0087 psi is due to
CO2.
Climate change and direct human land - use
pressure are likely to have synergistic impacts on desert ecosystems and species that may be offset,
at least partly, by vegetation productivity and carbon sequestration gains due to rising
atmospheric CO2.
That means the
pressure inside the flask remains
at atmospheric pressure through out, and only sealed once no more
CO2 is being introduced, so there can be no warming by compression of the gas.
At the current
atmospheric CO2 partial
pressure its absorptive response is in the exponential range.
The partial
pressure of
CO2 at the surface ocean is proportional to that in the atmosphere, consequently more
CO2 is taken up by the ocean as
atmospheric CO2 levels rise.
If
CO2 (and its «back radiation») had any significant effect, then a person would expect that,
at the same
atmospheric pressure, an almost - all - carbon - dioxide - atmosphere would show a much greater «greenhouse effect», but what the almost - all - carbon - dioxide - atmosphere shows is ONLY an incremental temperature increase based on closer proximity to the Sun.