CO2 at high pressure forms a liquid, then ultimately reacts with igneous rocks to form CaCO3.
Not exact matches
Since 1996, the Norwegian company Statoil has been stripping about a million tons of
CO2 a year out of natural gas from the Sleipner West field under the North Sea and injecting it
at high pressure into a saline aquifer.
In the right locations,
CO2 injected into the ground
at high pressure would react with those minerals to form stable carbonate rock.
Here, Siska Genbrugge removes the protective coating from a sculpture using a new dry ice blasting technique by which small pellets of frozen
CO2 were targeted onto the coating
at high pressure.
Note that a 2m tube of
CO2 at 1 atmosphere
pressure will be somewhat more absorptive than the same amount of
CO2 spread over the depth of the atmosphere, since
high pressure increases absorption.
The processes (absorption of light, collisional energy transfer and emission) can be separated because the average time that an isolated
CO2 molecule takes before it emits a photon is much longer that the time for collisional de-excitation (~ tens of microseconds
at atmospheric
pressure, less,
higher in the atmosphere).
Low atmospheric
CO2 levels during the Permo - Carboniferous......
at a time when total atmospheric
pressure was similar or slight
higher than now.
CO2 also becomes a more effective greenhouse gas
at higher atmospheric
pressures (even if super-imposed upon several more bars of a non-greenhouse gas like N2 would generate a much stronger GHE by increasing absorption away from line centers).
It is reasonable to assume that human
CO2 emissions will continue to grow
at a slightly
higher level than population, despite the fact that there is considerable
pressure on fossil fuels (economic as well as environmental) and the carbon efficiency of all nations is continuously improving (especially in the developed nations).
Earth's mantle contains liquid
CO2 under
high pressure and emits
CO2 to air in volcanic eruptions and in some volcanic xenoliths that spontaneously fracture
at Earth's surface.
Bolin & Eriksson's «buffer» factor would give about 10 times
higher CO2 concentration in air vs. sea water
at about 0.0003 atmospheres
CO2 partial
pressure, increasing dramatically to an air / water
CO2 partition coefficient of about 50:1
at a
CO2 partial
pressure of about 0.003 atmospheres (10 times the assumed pre-industrial level; Bacastow & Keeling, 1973; see Section 7 below for more on the «buffer» factor).
There are risks in geosequestration associated with the
high vapour
pressure of
CO2 at the temperatures found in geological formations and with the
high solubility of
CO2 in groundwater.
I must confess I'm completely ignorant of the volumetric behavior of sea water
at low temperatures, all my work with
CO2 and sea water, and / or brine has been done
at much
higher temperature and
pressure.
If the vapor
pressure of a layer of CO2 at the surrounding temperature was higher than the ambient PARTIAL PRESSURE of CO2, the CO2 would continually
pressure of a layer of
CO2 at the surrounding temperature was
higher than the ambient PARTIAL
PRESSURE of CO2, the CO2 would continually
PRESSURE of
CO2, the
CO2 would continually sublime.
If there were a
CO2 greenhouse effect
at 1 bar in Venus» atmosphere, then a person would expect to see a much
higher temperature
at this
pressure.
So extra
CO2 cools; this puts a twist on
pressure broadening; the AGW view is that this shows
CO2 will increase temp
at higher temps and
pressure and concentration; you seem to be saying the opposite; so I suppose you would be saying that an increase in
CO2 mitigates the THS?
Therefore, by computing (or measuring) the absorption
at sea level
pressure, we are overestimating the absorption of the
CO2 actually in place in the
higher, lower -
pressure parts of the atmosphere.
Hence,
CO2 and water vapor must, in an equilibrium, produce about 33 ° C. However,
at the top of Everest the temperature in the
high summer climbing season is about -16 and in winters falls to about -37 ° C, yet the
CO2 pressure is only about a third of that
at sea level.