Sentences with phrase «co2 ice clouds»

abstract postscript pdf Pierrehumbert, RT and Erlick C 1997: On the scattering greenhouse effect of CO2 ice clouds.

Not exact matches

The conclusion that limiting CO2 below 450 ppm will prevent warming beyond two degrees C is based on a conservative definition of climate sensitivity that considers only the so - called fast feedbacks in the climate system, such as changes in clouds, water vapor and melting sea ice.

The median ice composition H2O: CO: CO2: CH3OH: NH3: CH4: XCN is 100:29:29:3:5:5:0.3 and 100:13:13:4:5:2:0.6 toward low - and high - mass protostars, respectively, and 100:31:38:4: -: -: - in cloud cores.

It is important to regard the LGM studies as just one set of points in the cloud yielded by other climate sensitivity estimates, but the LGM has been a frequent target because it was a period for which there is a lot of data from varied sources, climate was significantly different from today, and we have considerable information about the important drivers — like CO2, CH4, ice sheet extent, vegetation changes etc..

Scientists agree that a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels could result in temperature increases of between 1.5 and 4.5 °C, caused by rapid changes such as snow and ice melt, and the behaviour of clouds and water vapour.

In addition, since the global surface temperature records are a measure that responds to albedo changes (volcanic aerosols, cloud cover, land use, snow and ice cover) solar output, and differences in partition of various forcings into the oceans / atmosphere / land / cryosphere, teasing out just the effect of CO2 + water vapor over the short term is difficult to impossible.

due to co2 we are already living in a greenhouse.Whatever one does in that greenhouse will remain in the greenhouse.INDUSTRIOUS HEAT will remain in the greenhouse instead of escaping into outer space; this is a far greater contributor to global warming than other factors and far more difficult to reduce without reducing economic activity.Like warm moist air from your mouth on cold mornings so melting antarctic ice will turn into cloud as it meets warm moist air from tropics the seas will not rise as antarctica is a huge cloud generator.A thick band of cloud around the earth will produce even temps accross the whole earth causing the wind to moderate even stop.WE should be preparing for this possible scenario»

Since many of these processes result in non-symmetric time, location and temperature dependant feedbacks (eg water vapor, clouds, CO2 washout, condensation, ice formation, radiative and convective heat transfer etc) then how can a model that uses yearly average values for the forcings accurately reflect the results?

The wild exaggerations of both the direct CO2 warming and the supposedly more serious knock - on warming are rooted in an untruth: the falsehood that scientists know enough about how clouds form, how thunderstorms work, how air and ocean currents flow, how ice sheets behave, how soot in the air behaves.

If clouds are allowed to change (and changes in sea - ice are suppressed), different climate models give answers ranging from 1.5 to 4.5 C for the warming due to doubling CO2.

The CO2 is acting as a filter for a small portion of the total LWIR from solid surfaces such as land or sea and ice and water droplets in clouds.

b] moire CO2 increases condensation = as rainmaker, gets read of humidity - > increases evaporation = evaporation is cooling process - > more evaporation - > more clouds as sun umbrellas — more rain — more raw material for replenishing the ice on the polar caps and glaciers.

For sensitivity to doubled CO2, knowing long term trends in humidity, cloud cover and type, ice, etc., would be particularly useful in comparison with trends of only a few years or less in these phenomena.

Even with near zero CO2, and the Sun 3 - 4 % dimmer than now, the tropics require albedo help from clouds and encroaching sea ice for global freeze - 0ver — hence, an interesting science problem that needs careful cold - climate cloud and ocean dynamics modeling.

Ouch, I almost forgot those 0.004 % of CO2, but compared with hundreds times more water vapor, clouds and ice reflecting 30 % of direct sunlight, it keeps me rather indifferent.

The conclusion that limiting CO2 below 450 ppm will prevent warming beyond two degrees C is based on a conservative definition of climate sensitivity that considers only the so - called fast feedbacks in the climate system, such as changes in clouds, water vapor and melting sea ice.

1 Positive 1.1 Carbon cycle feedbacks 1.1.1 Arctic methane release 1.1.1.1 Methane release from melting permafrost peat bogs 1.1.1.2 Methane release from hydrates 1.1.2 Abrupt increases in atmospheric methane 1.1.3 Decomposition 1.1.4 Peat decomposition 1.1.5 Rainforest drying 1.1.6 Forest fires 1.1.7 Desertification 1.1.8 CO2 in the oceans 1.1.9 Modelling results 1.1.9.1 Implications for climate policy 1.2 Cloud feedback 1.3 Gas release 1.4 Ice - albedo feedback 1.5 Water vapor feedback 2 Negative 2.1 Carbon cycle 2.1.1 Le Chatelier's principle 2.1.2 Chemical weathering 2.1.3 Net Primary Productivity 2.2 Lapse rate 2.3 Blackbody radiation

It is well known that a doubling of atmospheric CO2 levels could result in temperature increases of between 1.5 and 4.5 °C, due to fast changes such as snow and ice melt, and the behaviour of clouds and water vapour.

We also obtain an empirical estimate of f = 2 - 4 for the fast feedback processes (water vapor, clouds, sea ice) operating on 10 - 100 year time scales by comparing the cooling due to slow or specified changes (land ice, CO2, vegetation) to the total cooling at 18K.

Depending a bit how you weight the overlapping spectral absorptions of the different greenhouse gases the contribution of CO2 to the total greenhouse effect is about 20 % (with water vapour giving 50 % and 25 % for clouds, which we are sure that Allègre realises are made of condensate (liquid water and ice) and not vapour...).

For example assuming that CO2 is the only important gas in the atmosphere and that water vapor and clouds composed of water droplets and ice particle do not matter.

1.1 C of doubled CO2 / GHG causes a feedback increase of 8 % in water vapor, a 2 % decline in cloud optical thickness and reduced Albedo as ice melts.