The two numbers —
CO2 leaving the atmosphere through photosynthesis and CO2 entering it through respiration — are both large and close in magnitude, with slightly more leaving the air than entering.
The assertion is that because individual molecules of
CO2 leave the atmosphere within a few years, claims of a building threat from the heat - trapping properties of this trace gas (amplified by feedbacks) are overblown.
The sink rate is the rate at which
CO2 leaves the atmosphere, and the IPCC estimates it at ~ 100GtC / yr.
KR: The difference between
CO2 leaving the atmosphere and CO2 entering the atmosphere is the sole determinate of how the total CO2 concentration of the atmosphere changes!!!
The two numbers —
CO2 leaving the atmosphere through photosynthesis and CO2 entering it through respiration — are both large and close in magnitude, with slightly more leaving the air than entering.
Not exact matches
It's no mystery why carbon dioxide (
CO2) levels fluctuate with the seasons: As greenery grows in the spring and summer, it soaks up the planet - warming gas, and when trees shed their
leaves in the autumn, some of that gas returns to the
atmosphere.
By accounting for both
CO2 and oxygen levels in the
atmosphere, scientists have calculated that oceans and plants each absorb roughly one - quarter of humanity's
CO2 emissions,
leaving half to build up in the
atmosphere.
Instead of piping in natural
CO2, it will use the greenhouse gas captured at a coal - fired power plant just completed nearly 100 miles north of here and send it down into the reservoir, pushing oil out and
leaving the greenhouse gas deep below, safely locked away from the
atmosphere, so it does not add to global warming.
So what we might like as the effect in a beer or wine is a waste product from the organisms that are excreting this, and those yeast took in Dave as a [n] atom of carbon in a maltose sugar molecule that the brewmeister made — it's part of the beer - making process — and I tracked this back in a few paragraphs to being in the grain of the barley plant, in the starch of a barley plant and then coming from the
atmosphere as a
CO2 molecule that entered the
leaf of the barley plant.
Plants suck
CO2 out of the
atmosphere to build their woody roots, stems and
leaves.
«If ozone continues to increase, vegetation will take up less and less of our carbon dioxide emissions, which will
leave more
CO2 in the
atmosphere, adding to global warming,» Sitch says.
This is
leaving an excess of about 2 ppm of
CO2 in the
atmosphere every year, meaning the 400 ppm mark will keep occurring earlier and earlier.
They used three runs: a control run with
CO2 at the
leaf level and in the
atmosphere, a run where only the vegetation responds to a rise in
CO2, and a run where only the
atmosphere responds to the
CO2 increase.
The finding that a significant portion of
CO2 can take thousands of years
leave the
atmosphere makes the case for developing CDR solutions all the more imperative.
I'm not saying the
leaf stomata measurements are the best measure of
CO2 in the
atmosphere: they have their critics and their supporters.
This effect is probably significant but it's slow - acting and the
CO2 self - feedback would only be fully realized when very little of the original
CO2 pulse was
left in the
atmosphere.
One thing that always seems to be
left out of attempts to give clarity to the subject is the fact that it is
CO2 in the
atmosphere that makes Earth a habitable planet, well one of the things.
It is the reduced amount of radiation
leaving the top of the
atmosphere that changes the earth's balance of heat, and therefore defines the «direct radiative forcing» caused by doubling
CO2.
Today, as we pump more
CO2 into the
atmosphere, slightly more flows from the
atmosphere into the ocean,
leaving enough to increase the atmospheric
CO2 concentration, and increasing the oceans carbon content.
Because
CO2 makes the
atmosphere more opaque to infrared radiation, and because the
atmosphere gets colder as you get higher, the «effective radiation temperature» of the infrared radiation
leaving the earth is made colder by increasing
CO2 (fewer Watts per square meter of infrared radiation
leave the top of the
atmosphere).
There is
CO2 continually
leaving the ocean and entering the
atmosphere in places where ocean upwelling brings carbon - rich waters to the surface.
Kim, for this to be the case, ocean acidity would have to be decreasing as
CO2 leaves the water to enter the
atmosphere.
Because the
CO2 is «seeking» equilibrium, half is
left in the
atmosphere whether the amount added to the
atmosphere is a large or small amount.
Not only do we know how much
CO2 we emitted (more than is now
left in the
atmosphere — which means that the natural reservoirs have taken up part of our
CO2 emissions, rather than having released
CO2 in response to a climate change).
There are two possible places to cap carbon: (1) where
CO2 leaves the economy and enters the
atmosphere, and (2) where carbon enters the economy in the form of a fossil fuel.
3) Some recent research indicates that enhanced
CO2 availability increase the efficiency of water use by trees, because it's easier to pull sufficient amounts of the gas from the
atmosphere without having to
leave their stomata open and let water escape.
Global warming is expected to reduce the ocean's ability to absorb
CO2,
leaving more in the
atmosphere... which will lead to even higher temperatures as below from NASA.
Once the ice reaches the equator, the equilibrium climate is significantly colder than what would initiate melting at the equator, but if
CO2 from geologic emissions build up (they would, but very slowly — geochemical processes provide a negative feedback by changing atmospheric
CO2 in response to climate changes, but this is generally very slow, and thus can not prevent faster changes from faster external forcings) enough, it can initiate melting — what happens then is a runaway in the opposite direction (until the ice is completely gone — the extreme warmth and
CO2 amount at that point, combined with
left - over glacial debris available for chemical weathering, will draw
CO2 out of the
atmosphere, possibly allowing some ice to return).
But if we fail to reduce at the required rate — and the inadequate emissions targets indicate this is the intention — then we will be
left with no option but to scrub the excess
CO2 back out of the
atmosphere in future.
3 claims that the GHG human emission rate is approximately 2 times larger than the observed rate during the last decades, so if the Sun drives a little bit the
CO2 and CH4 cycle mechanisms (which in this case are absorbing large amount of
CO2 and CH4 from the
atmosphere) it might
leave a signal in the
CO2 and CH4 record as well.
But also, it absorbs
CO2 from the
atmosphere, via its
leaves, and by the process of photosynthesis converts that to organic (carbon based) compounds.
Or will they find it increasingly difficult to play catch up to our higher
CO2 output -
leaving the
atmosphere saddled with more of the greenhouse gas burden?
«Many lines of evidence fromlaboratory studies demonstrate that elevated
CO2 concentrations in the
atmosphere inhibit
leaf nitrate (NO3 --RRB- assimilation in C3 plants.
If they can not provide a verifiable experiment regarding the present amount of
CO2 in the
atmosphere and how it effects the climate and creates their anthropogenic global warming, then believing that it does so is akin to believing that Santa Clause is real and you need to be good to get something
left under the tree.
This
leaves around 3 or 4 billion tonnes that are somehow being absorbed by the oceans, the land biosphere, or both.One possibility is that most of the man - made
CO2 which does not accumulate in the
atmosphere is being absorbed by the oceans... This view is supported by indirect evidence derived from the atmospheric nuclear bomb tests of the 1950s and 1960s.
Human
CO2 emissions at about 6 GtC / yr enter the
atmosphere to mix with natural emissions of about 90 GtC / yr from the ocean, 120 GtC / yr from land, and possibly another anomalous 270 GtC / yr from
leaf water.
The statement from CH was «With more
CO2 the
atmosphere is immediately warmer resulting in decrease in net IR
leaving the ocean.»
It may be that
CO2 is still the main problem, or it may be high
atmosphere water vapour
left by planes, or it might just be natural after all.
But the spike for
CO2 on the
left dwarfs all the other greenhouse gases, and tells us something very important: most of the energy being trapped in the
atmosphere corresponds exactly to the wavelength of energy captured by
CO2.
On that basis
CO2 can add a million times as much heat as is required to remove it if you
leave it in the
atmosphere long enough.
In the upper layers of the
atmosphere the band initially gets narrower and then splits into several narrow bands (the roto - vibrational spectrum)
leaving more room for the increase in
CO2 concentration being more effective.
If you were to produce a chaotic model using the above, I would venture a prediction that the above former were the massive attractors about which we could make some decent predictions about the future but that the latter human produced
CO2 inserted into our
atmosphere would
leave us with hopelessly inadequate and wrong predictions because
CO2 contributed by man is not an attractor of any significance in the chaotic Earth climate system nor is
CO2 produced by man a perturbation that would yield any predictive ability.
Nearly 1/3 of the 8 GtC / year is absorbed by just forests worldwide currently http://www.csiro.au/news/Forests-absorb-one-third-our-fossil-fuel-emissions.html Which
leaves a miserly 1.333 GtC / year for the rest of the biological sinks (and oceans) to absorb
leaving the
atmosphere CO2 at 4 GtC / year increase = the
CO2 levels are still to low and this shows the
CO2 global pathway as definitely unknown.
Thus even if more C4 plants are grown, that changes the amounts of 12
CO2 which is absorbed vs. 13
CO2, but as long as the O2 levels show that the biosphere is a net sink for
CO2 (whatever the type), more 12
CO2 leaves the
atmosphere than 13
CO2, compared to the atmospheric isotope ratio.
It also ignores a further positive feedback whose occurrence is widely predicted, namely the Ocean Heating & Acidification causing the decline of the oceans» carbon sink, thus
leaving more of annual anthro -
CO2 emissions in the
atmosphere, thus adding to ocean heating.
The space
left in the
atmosphere for storing
CO2 is the ultimate scarce resource, and it needs to be priced accordingly.»
That shows that the biosphere is a net source of oxygen, thus more
CO2 uptake than decay (the «greening earth»), preferably more 12
CO2, thus
leaving more 13
CO2 in the
atmosphere.
Exactly where the
CO2 is going, when it
leaves the
atmosphere is another issue.
Where natural sources of
CO2 leave off and human sources begin What amount of
CO2 in the
atmosphere engenders ANY warming?
I'm not saying the
leaf stomata measurements are the best measure of
CO2 in the
atmosphere: they have their critics and their supporters.