Sentences with phrase «co2 were at the time»

In my view, Vostock etc data even if all the criticisms on the way things are measured etc, and there are many, do not hold, are good for measuring what the CO2 was at those times in Vostock.

Not exact matches

Nothing compares to the instananeous (in relation to geological time) release of vast quantities of CO2 and other GHGs into the atmosphere of the last 200 years, and the fact that the last 50 years have been the warmest for at least a millennium.

As we extract more and more oil from EOR plays, and at the same time are trying to increase quantities stored, we are going to have to move to more expensive capture opportunities and toward pure storage plays, which both increases capture costs and turns EOR revenues into a storage cost (you are not going to make money injecting CO2 into saline aquifers unless you are being paid to do so).

There is no evidence for significant increase of CO2 in the medieval warm period, nor for a significant decrease at the time of the subsequent little ice age.

It uses advanced laser technology to identify leaks of CO2 from holes as small as 0.3 mm in sealed MAP packs at speeds of up to 180 packs per minute, ensuring that maximum quality can be achieved without compromising on high throughput speeds and minimum packing time.

It would increase petrol consumption (at a time when the government was keen to be seen to be reducing CO2 emissions) Either drivers would have to separate, lowering road capacity, or safety would be compromised.

The lights, hydroponic system, water cooler, CO2, and fans can all be automated so you can ignore your grow box for up to two weeks at a time.

At that time, CO2 levels are thought to have been close to current levels — around 390 parts per million — but global temperatures were warmer.

Testifying to the House Oversight and Government Reform Committee in 2007, Ramanathan said of cutting black carbon emissions that «at best, it is a short - term measure to probably buy a decade or two, time for implementing CO2 emission reduction strategies.»

In one part of their experiment, the researchers came to the surprising conclusion that the cultures that had been exposed to the highest CO2 value and the highest temperatures at the same time for one year adapted fastest to the newly higher temperatures.

A new technology might be able to strip the CO2 from power plant emissions, and generate more electricity at the same time

So, we're talking about this period 3.5 million years ago, this is the middle Pleistocene, and that's where the CO2 concentrations were round about 400 ppm; and if we want to look at CO2 concentrations considerably higher than that, we're going to go much deeper in time, and then we're really going into periods where sea level was even higher.

Climate models suggest that widespread glaciations couldn't take place at that time unless CO2 levels dropped to about eight times what they are at present, says Tim Lenton, an earth scientist at the University of Exeter in the United Kingdom.

So after the first half year or so, you can see that CO2 is going down; that was because of its sketching at the photosynthetic time of year in the Northern Hemisphere, but the main point is that the...

Some of the most recent findings are being released for the first time at a symposium here this week called The Ocean in a High - CO2 World.

CO2 levels are projected to be 2.5 times higher in the oceans by the end of this century, which is causing the ocean to acidify at a rate unprecedented for 300 million years.

The IPCC has mapped out possible futures in which CO2 levels would be stabilised at anything from current levels to 1.6 trillion tonnes, to be reached at various times over the next 200 years.

Currently, it is possible to make fuels out of CO2 — plants do it all the time — but researchers are still trying to crack the problem of artificially producing the fuels at large enough scales to be useful.

In a story few noticed at the time, last month Greenwire obtained a copy of a PowerPoint presentation that seems to suggest that the EPA will be naming CO2 as a danger to human health under the Clean Air Act, and it will happen on Thursday.

Lead author Professor Gail Taylor, from Biological Sciences at the University of Southampton, said: «Atmospheric CO2 is rising — emissions grew faster in the 2000s than the 1990s and the concentration of CO2 reached 400 ppm for the first time in recorded history in 2013.

«It'd be about four times larger in terms of the amount of CO2 emissions from the facilities that are [currently] covered, and it'd be by far the largest cap - and - trade system in the world,» said Larry Goulder, an economist at Stanford University who has organized meetings of carbon market architects in both China and California.

Perhaps that's why Southern Co., has announced it will no longer fund a proposed project to use such amines to capture CO2 at a coal - fired power plant in Alabama, despite securing $ 295 million from the federal government to do so (or roughly 100 times what UTC received).

Already, atmospheric concentrations of just CO2 have reached 400 ppm at times and all greenhouse gases put together are now at 430 ppm.

If we continue to work at this, it's a matter of time before we have power plants where CO2 is emitted, captured, and converted.»

This doesn't mean that humanity would not have to deal with CO2 emissions — and would not be storing up future trouble by continuing to emit at our present pace — but it would buy time and, perhaps even more importantly, significantly reduce the chances of catastrophic climate change.

NF3 lingers in the air for 550 years, on average, and is 17,000 times better at trapping heat than CO2 on a molecule - per - molecule basis.

The fall of 2015 could be the last time the reading dipped below that mark at Mauna Loa — which has become a kind of global bellwether as the first place where CO2 concentrations were actively monitored — and, perhaps, at the 12 other sites where Keeling's program now makes the same measurements from the Arctic to the Antarctic.

The recommendations, in addition to flying less and wasting 25 percent less food, include: carpooling or telecommuting once a week (75 million metric tons of CO2 equivalent (CO2e) saved by 2020, if adopted by all Americans); maintaining your car or truck, such as keeping tires properly inflated (45 million metric tons of CO2e); cutting the time spent idling in a vehicle in half (40 million metric tons of CO2e); better insulation at home (85 million metric tons of CO2e); programmable thermostats set higher (80 million metric tons of CO2e); reducing electricity demand from appliances that are «off,» so - called phantom demand (70 million metric tons CO2e); using hot water more efficiently, such as washing clothes in colder water (65 million metric tons of CO2e); buying EnergyStar appliances when old ones wear out (55 million metric tons CO2e); replacing incandescent lightbulbs with compact fluorescents (30 million metric tons CO2e); eating chicken instead of beef two days a week (105 million metric tons of CO2e); increased recycling of paper, plastics and metals (105 million metric tons of CO2e); «responsible» consumption, such as buying less bottled water (60 million metric tons CO2e).

Using the samples, Quinton analyzed them for chemical clues that can be related to CO2 levels at specific time periods.

Corrosion occurs when chloride invades from de-icing salt and destroys the reinforcing steel inside concrete or when CO2 from the atmosphere lowers the concrete's normally high pH. The damage becomes worse over time and is often visible only at a very advanced stage.

And even if we assume it's accurate, when we consider that pH naturally rises and falls by about + / -0.5 over the course of a single decade, this means that natural changes in seawater pH occur at rates 100s of times faster than the trend attributed to anthropogenic CO2.

Present - day carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from subaerial and submarine volcanoes are uncertain at the present time.

Control bees were maintained continuously in CO2 and collected at the same time points (bees at 0 min were identical to seizure induced bees at 0 min).

The concentration of CO2 is now more than 40 percent higher than at any time during at least the past 800,000 years.

At that time common biologic knowledge is: Biogene methanogenesis is performed by archaea, (perhaps some cyanobacteria, fungi and microalgae) which can be divided into two groups: — H2 / CO2 - and — acetate - consumers, (both groups have proteins, carbohydrates or lipds an their derivatives as source).

My research indicates that the Siberian peat moss, Arctic tundra, and methal hydrates (frozen methane at the bottom of the ocean) all have an excellent chance of melting and releasing their stored co2.Recent methane concentration figures also hit the news last week, and methane has increased after a long time being steady.The forests of north america are drying out and are very susceptible to massive insect infestations and wildfires, and the massive die offs - 25 % of total forests, have begun.And, the most recent stories on the Amazon forecast that with the change in rainfall patterns one third of the Amazon will dry and turn to grassland, thereby creating a domino cascade effect for the rest of the Amazon.With co2 levels risng faster now that the oceans have reached carrying capacity, the oceans having become also more acidic, and the looming threat of a North Atlanic current shutdown (note the recent terrible news on salinity upwelling levels off Greenland,) and the change in cold water upwellings, leading to far less biomass for the fish to feed upon, all lead to the conclusion we may not have to worry about NASA completing its inventory of near earth objects greater than 140 meters across by 2026 (Recent Benjamin Dean astronomy lecture here in San Francisco).

While ECS is the equilibrium global mean temperature change that eventually results from atmospheric CO2 doubling, the smaller TCR refers to the global mean temperature change that is realised at the time of CO2 doubling under an idealised scenario in which CO2 concentrations increase by 1 % yr — 1 (Cubasch et al., 2001; see also Section 8.6.2.1).

Faster sea floor spreading, presumably associated with more volcanic activity at subduction zones, and / or other increases in volcanic activity or geologic outgassing, or faster oxidation of exposed fossil organic C (as in shales)-- greater geologic CO2 emissions (I think another way of looking at the inorganic part is that any given region of sea floor has less time to accumulate carbonate minerals from chemical weathering, so that C reservoir could shrink while others, including the atmosphere, can grow).

At the same time, a new paper published in Nature Geoscience examines the carbon budget for 1.5 C — in other words, how much more CO2 we can afford to release if we are to limit warming to the goal of the Paris Climate Agreement, taking into account recent emissions and temperatures.

The core samples showed that co2 is now higher than at any time within the past 800,000 years.We are at 385 ppm, with no end in sight to a rapidly increasing ppm figure.

While the Earth might have naturally cycled back into an ice age in 50,000 years» time in the absence of emissions, we're unlikely to see one for at least 100,000 years because of the CO2 we put into the atmosphere.

His «we do not know of a time with permanent ice at the poles and CO2 above 1000pmmv» (except, of course, prior to the big thaw in snowball Earth), and the present rate of increase of atmospheric CO2 being c. 10x greater than previous mass extinctions as far as we know (albeit the total mass being less) are deeply worrying.

Running simulations with an Earth System model, the researchers find that if atmospheric CO2 were still at pre-industrial levels, our current warm «interglacial» period would tip over into a new ice age in around 50,000 years» time.

[10] Earlier still, a 200 - million year period of intermittent, widespread glaciation extending close to the equator (Snowball Earth) appears to have been ended suddenly, about 550 million years ago, by a colossal volcanic outgassing which raised the CO2 concentration of the atmosphere abruptly to 12 percent, about 350 times modern levels, causing extreme greenhouse conditions and carbonate deposition as limestone at the rate of about 1 mm per day.

At the time you were still skeptical, you could legitimately have been unconvinced that warming is anthropogenic, but not that the CO2 rise is anthropogenic.

However, even the more ponderous mixing in the lower stratosphere is pretty efficient in comparison to the time it takes to remove CO2 at the surface, so I doubt that the altitude of the source is a very significant effect for CO2.

As first predicted by Ralph, and then by our systematic approach, the September 2016 CO2 at Mauna Loa was indeed above 400ppm for the first time on record.

However, there wasn't a massive increase in CO2 at that time.

This chemical weathering process is too slow to damp out shorter - term fluctuations, and there are some complexities — glaciation can enhance the mechanical erosion that provides surface area for chemical weathering (some of which may be realized after a time delay — ie when the subsequent warming occurs — dramatically snow in a Snowball Earth scenario, where the frigid conditions essentially shut down all chemical weathering, allowing CO2 to build up to the point where it thaws the equatorial region, at which point runaway albedo feedback drives the Earth into a carbonic acid sauna, which ends via rapid carbonate rock formation), while lower sea level may increase the oxidation of organic C in sediments but also provide more land surface for erosion... etc..

CO2 will also diffuse through the ice at a set rate and the effect over time will be that the CO2 concentration will be a function of the vapor pressure of the CO2 in the trapped air, and the rate of diffusion of the CO2 through the ice.