Sentences with phrase «canadian science and research»

I am very pleased to be representing Canadian science and research — work that plays a crucial role in protecting and improving the lives of people everywhere.

Not exact matches

The project, which is part of the Canada - South Korea Science, Technology and Innovation Projects sponsored by the National Research Council of Canada and the Korea Institute for Advancement of Technology, aims at facilitating R&D collaboration between Canadian and South Korean innovators.

However, aside from some funding for science and research, the budget contained few measures meant to make Canadian businesses more competitive.

Currently, she serves as the Chair of the Canada Research Knowledge Network, Vice-Chair of Universities Canada and of the U15 Group of Canadian Research Universities, as well as a member of the federal Minister of Industry's Science, Technology and Innovation Council.

Despite the focus on science and research, the budget has little to no measures meant to make Canadian businesses more competitive on the world stage.

World renowned international and Canadian scientists will present their research in all aspects of organic agriculture, including crop and livestock production, soil science, and value chain development.

Social Science and Humanities Research Council (SSHRC) grant for a conference on «Reconceiving Midwifery: The New Social Science of Midwifery in Canada,» with papers presented by the contributors to Reconceiving Midwifery: The New Canadian Model of Care, edited by Ivy Bourgeault, Cecilia Benoit, and Robbie Davis - Floyd, Toronto, Canada, July 17 - 18, 1999.

The science is served up in digestible chunks and I found myself fascinated by the Canadian research into the connection between a mother rat's licking - and - grooming habits and the future success of her offspring.

Natural science, engineering, and medicine: The Matsumae International Foundation (MIF) fellowships; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) fellowship support offered through the Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center; JSPS fellowships offered through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, a sponsor of Next Wave science, engineering, and medicine: The Matsumae International Foundation (MIF) fellowships; Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) fellowship support offered through the Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center; JSPS fellowships offered through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, a sponsor of Next Wave Science (JSPS) fellowship support offered through the Japan International Science and Technology Exchange Center; JSPS fellowships offered through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, a sponsor of Next Wave Science and Technology Exchange Center; JSPS fellowships offered through the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR, a sponsor of Next Wave Canada)

Other sources of funding include the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, the Canada Research Chairs program, the Alberta Government, and possible subcontracts from the U.S. National Science Foundation.

Other science outlays included $ 46 million over 4 years to create 1500 industrial internships for graduate students and postdoctoral fellows within Canadian business, $ 49 million toward the transformation of the National Research Council into what officials call a «toolbox» for industry, and a commitment to extend Canadian participation in the International Space Station mission to 2024.

With funding from the Alberta Cancer Board, the National Science and Engineering Research Council, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and the Alberta Innovation and Science Research Investment Program, the University of Alberta (UA) in Edmonton has become a major center of nanotechnology research and has fostered the spin - off and growth of a host of coResearch Council, the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and the Alberta Innovation and Science Research Investment Program, the University of Alberta (UA) in Edmonton has become a major center of nanotechnology research and has fostered the spin - off and growth of a host of coResearch (CIHR), the Canadian Foundation for Innovation, and the Alberta Innovation and Science Research Investment Program, the University of Alberta (UA) in Edmonton has become a major center of nanotechnology research and has fostered the spin - off and growth of a host of coResearch Investment Program, the University of Alberta (UA) in Edmonton has become a major center of nanotechnology research and has fostered the spin - off and growth of a host of coresearch and has fostered the spin - off and growth of a host of companies.

Eliasmith's group has received funding from several of Canada's traditional science - funding sources, such as the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (science - funding sources, such as the Canadian Foundation for Innovation and the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC).

This research received the support of grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and its DK Prresearch received the support of grants from the Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CIHR) and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and its DK PrResearch (CIHR) and Austrian Science Fund (FWF) and its DK Programme.

«While advances in science and technology and improved safety practices have significantly reduced the threat of oil spills in Canadian waters over the past few decades, much about the fate, environmental impacts and remediation of oil spills remain poorly understood,» said Kenneth Lee, the director of Oceans and Atmosphere, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organization, Perth, Western Australia and chair of the seven - member panel.

The research was supported by Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, and the Canada Research Chair in Medical Decision research was supported by Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, and the Canada Research Chair in Medical Decision Research Institute, the Canadian Institutes for Health Research, and the Canada Research Chair in Medical Decision Research, and the Canada Research Chair in Medical Decision Research Chair in Medical Decision Science.

The Nature study, titled «Acoustic reporter genes for noninvasive imaging of microbes in mammalian hosts,» was funded by the National Institutes of Health, the Canadian Institute of Health Research, the Burroughs Wellcome Fund, the Packard Fellowship, the Pew Scholarship, the Heritage Medical Research Institute, the National Science Foundation, and the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

Scientists working for the Canadian government have successfully negotiated a clause in their new contract that guarantees their right to speak to the public and the media about science and their research, without needing approval from their managers.

The research was funded by the Canada Research Chairs program, the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council, the Sloan Foundation Deep Carbon Observatory, the Canadian Space Agency and the National Science Fouresearch was funded by the Canada Research Chairs program, the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council, the Sloan Foundation Deep Carbon Observatory, the Canadian Space Agency and the National Science FouResearch Chairs program, the Natural Sciences & Engineering Research Council, the Sloan Foundation Deep Carbon Observatory, the Canadian Space Agency and the National Science FouResearch Council, the Sloan Foundation Deep Carbon Observatory, the Canadian Space Agency and the National Science Foundation.

P.J.K. and K.E.M. were supported by the Canadian Sea Ice and Snow Evolution Network, which is funded by the Natural Science and Engineering Research Council of Canada.

TMT is a collaboration of the California Institute of Technology, University of California, the Association of Canadian Universities for Research in Astronomy, the National Astronomical Observatory of Japan, a consortium of Chinese institutions led by the National Astronomical Observatories of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and institutions in India supported by the Department of Science and Technology of India.

Foundation, Science Foundation Ireland (13 / SIRG / 2136), and Canadian Institutes of Health Research (MOP130365, MSH130157).

A Canadian brain research strategy would accelerate the pace of discovery science and its subsequent translation into treatments.

For more than 70 years, Canadian Nuclear Laboratories has carried out groundbreaking research in nuclear science and technology.

Funders The study was funded by the U.S. National Institutes of Health (Project R01AR044031), the Canadian Institutes of Health Research, Muscular Dystrophy Canada, the Muscular Dystrophy Association (U.S.), the Stem Cell Network, the Canada Research Chairs program, the Ontario Ministry of Research and Innovation, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, the Swiss National Science Foundation and The Ottawa Hospital Foundation.

He is a member of the Canadian Association of Physicists, Canadian Science Writers Association, American Physical Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, Materials Research Society, and Phi Beta Kappa.

CALICO Journal Cambridge Journal of Education Canadian Journal for the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning Canadian Journal of Action Research Canadian Journal of Applied Linguistics - Revue canadienne de linguistique appliquee Canadian Journal of Education Canadian Journal of Educational Administration and Policy Canadian Journal of Environmental Education Canadian Journal of Higher Education Canadian Journal of Learning and Technology Canadian Journal of School Psychology Canadian Journal of Science, Mathematics and Technology Education Canadian Modern Language Review Canadian Social Studies Career and Technical Education Research Career Development and Transition for Exceptional Individuals CATESOL Journal CBE - Life Sciences Education CEA Forum Center for Educational Policy Studies Journal Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning Changing English: Studies in Culture and Education Chemical Engineering Education Chemistry Education Research and Practice Child & Youth Care Forum Child Care in Practice Child Development Child Language Teaching and Therapy Childhood Education Children & Schools Children's Literature in Education Chinese Education and Society Christian Higher Education Citizenship, Social and Economics Education Classroom Discourse Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas Cogent Education Cognition and Instruction Cognitive Science Collected Essays on Learning and Teaching College & Research Libraries College and University College Composition and Communication College Quarterly College Student Affairs Journal College Student Journal College Teaching Communicar: Media Education Research Journal Communication Disorders Quarterly Communication Education Communication Teacher Communications in Information Literacy Communique Community & Junior College Libraries Community College Enterprise Community College Journal Community College Journal of Research and Practice Community College Review Community Literacy Journal Comparative Education Comparative Education Review Comparative Professional Pedagogy Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education Complicity: An International Journal of Complexity and Education Composition Forum Composition Studies Computer Assisted Language Learning Computer Science Education Computers in the Schools Contemporary Education Dialogue Contemporary Educational Technology Contemporary Issues in Early Childhood Contemporary Issues in Education Research Contemporary Issues in Technology and Teacher Education (CITE Journal) Contemporary School Psychology Contributions to Music Education Counselor Education and Supervision Creativity Research Journal Creighton Journal of Interdisciplinary Leadership Critical Inquiry in Language Studies Critical Questions in Education Critical Studies in Education Cultural Studies of Science Education Current Issues in Comparative Education Current Issues in Education Current Issues in Language Planning Current Issues in Middle Level Education Curriculum and Teaching Curriculum Inquiry Curriculum Journal Curriculum Studies in Health and Physical Education Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences

This inquiry stands at the core of the work of Canadian artist Kapwani Kiwanga whose practice interweaves a research - based investigation influenced by her earlier training in social sciences, with a more subjective and fictional observation of culture.

American Meteorological Society NOAA U.S. National Academy of Sciences NASA EPA American Geophysical Union National Center for Atmospheric Research Royal Society of the United Kingdom Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Science Council of Japan, Russian Academy of Science, Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, Chinese Academy of Sciences, French Academy of Sciences, German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina, Indian National Science Academy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Italy), Royal Society (UK)(PDF File) Australian Academy of Sciences, Royal Flemish Academy of Belgium for Sciences and the Arts, Brazilian Academy of Sciences, Royal Society of Canada, Caribbean Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, French Academy of Sciences, German Academy of Natural Scientists Leopoldina, Indian National Science Academy, Indonesian Academy of Sciences, Royal Irish Academy, Accademia Nazionale dei Lincei (Italy), Academy of Sciences Malaysia, Academy Council of the Royal Society of New Zealand, Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, and Royal Society (UK)

Socio (s): CGIAR Research Program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security, International Livestock Research Institute, World Agroforestry Centre, The University of Vermont, European Commission, Earth System Science Partnership, Canadian International Development Agency, Danish International Development Agency

C40 Cities Climate Leadership Group, 12 California, 7, 68, 102, 128, 169 - 170, 187, 196, 232 - 234, 245 California Energy Commission, 232 Cambridge Media Environment Programme (CMEP), 167 - 168 Cambridge University, 102 Cameron, David, 11, 24, 218 Cameroon, 25 Campbell, Philip, 165 Canada, 22, 32, 64, 111, 115, 130, 134, 137, 156 - 157, 166, 169, 177, 211, 222, 224 - 226, 230, 236, 243 Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society (CMOS), 15 Cap - and - trade, 20, 28, 40 - 41, 44, 170, 175 allowances (permits), 41 - 42, 176, 243 Capitalism, 34 - 35, 45 Capps, Lois, 135 Car (see vehicle) Carbon, 98, 130 Carbon Capture and Storage (CCS), 192 Carbon Capture and Storage Association, 164 Carbon credits (offsets), 28 - 29, 42 - 43, 45 Carbon Cycle, 80 - 82 Carbon dioxide (CO2), 9, 18, 23, 49 - 51, 53, 55, 66 - 67, 72 - 89, 91, 98 - 99, 110, 112, 115, 118, 128 - 132, 137, 139, 141 - 144, 152, 240 emissions, 12, 18 - 25, 28 - 30, 32 - 33, 36 - 38, 41 - 44, 47, 49, 53, 55, 71 - 72, 74, 77 - 78, 81 - 82, 108 - 109, 115, 132, 139, 169, 186, 199 - 201, 203 - 204, 209 - 211, 214, 217, 219, 224, 230 - 231, 238, 241, 243 - 244 Carbon Dioxide Analysis Center, 19 Carbon Expo, 42 Carbon, footprint, 3, 13, 29, 35, 41, 45, 110, 132 tax, 20, 44, 170 trading, 13, 20, 40, 43, 44, 176, 182 Carbon monoxide (CO), 120 Carbon Reduction Commitment (CRC), 44 Carlin, George, 17 Carter, Bob, 63 Carter, Jimmy, 186, 188 Cato Institute, 179 CBS, 141, 146 Center for Disease Control, 174 Center for the Study of Carbon Dioxide and Global Change, 62, 139 Centre for Policy Studies, 219 CERN (European Organization for Nuclear Research), 96 Chavez, Hugo, 34 Chicago Tribune, 146 China, 29, 32 - 33, 60 - 62, 120, 169, 176, 187 - 188, 211, 216, 225 - 226, 242 - 243 China's National Population and Planning Commission, 33 Chinese Academy of Sciences, 60 Chirac, Jacques, 36 Chlorofluorocarbons, 42 - 43, 50 Choi, Yong - Sang, 88 Christy, John, 105 Churchill, Winston, 214, 220 Chu, Steven, 187 Citibank (Citigroup), 40, 176 Clean Air Act, 85, 128 - 129 Clean Development Mechanism, 42 Climate Action Partnership, 14 Climate alarm, 4, 13, 21, 32, 35, 38, 56, 102 - 103, 115 - 117, 120, 137, 156, 168, 173, 182 Climate Audit, 66 Climate change, adaptation, 39, 110, 112 mitigation, 16, 39, 110 Climate Change and the Failure of Democracy, 34 Climate Change: Picturing the Science, 121 Climate Change Reconsidered, 242 Climate conference, 38 Cancun, 18, 29, 36 - 37, 124 - 125, 242 Copenhagen, 33, 36, 109, 125, 156, 158, 175, 241 - 242 Durban, 13, 36 - 37, 166, 242 - 243 Climategate, 2, 67, 152, 158 - 170, 180, 182, 242 Climate Protection Agreement, 12 Climate Research Unit (CRU), 48, 67, 120, 147, 152 - 153, 158 - 160, 162 - 163, 165 - 167, 169 Climate Science Register, 142 Climatism, definition, 2, 7 Clinton, Bill, 176, 178 Clinton Global Initiative, 176 CLOUD project, 96 Club of Rome, 21, 186 CO2Science, 59, 61 - 62, 66, 131 Coal, 19 - 20, 39 - 41, 80, 126, 128 - 129, 175, 185 - 186, 188 - 190, 192 - 196, 199 - 201, 209, 214, 217, 219, 222, 229 Coase, Ronald, 145 Coca - Cola, 138 Cogley, Graham, 156 Cohen, David, 220 Colorado State University, 117, 181 Columbia University, 7 Columbus, Christopher, 58 Computer models, 16, 51 - 53, 56, 67, 72, 74,77 - 79, 82, 87, 89 - 91, 94, 105, 110 - 111, 120, 124, 138 - 140, 168, 171,173, 181, 238, 240, 246 Conference on the Changing Atmosphere, 15 Consensus, scientific, 12 Copenhagen Business School, 134 Coral, 53 Corporate Average Fuel Economy, 22 - 23 Cosmic Rays, 72, 93 - 99, 180 Credit Suisse, 176 Crow, Cheryl, 30 Crowley, Tom, 167 Cuadrilla Resources, 224 - 225 Curry, Judith, 164, 167 Cycles, natural, 3, 16, 57, 62 - 63, 66 - 69, 72, 80, 99, 103, 138, 238, 240 Milankovich, 62, 67, 80 Cyprus, 134 Czech Republic, 12, 37

In late 2005, the Friends of Science mounted an anti-Kyoto radio ad campaign, tied to the Canadian federal election campaign, and funded from Barry Cooper's research fund, apparently supported, at least in part, by tax - deductible donations to the Science Education Fund via the Calgary Foundation (see section on Funding above).

Two, in response to arguments from some climate change skeptics, many scientific organizations with expertise relevant to climate change have endorsed the consensus position that «most of the global warming in recent decades can be attributed to human activities» including the following: • American Association for the Advancement of Science • American Astronomical Society • American Chemical Society • American Geophysical Union • American Institute of Physics • American Meteorological Society • American Physical Society • Australian Coral Reef Society • Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society • Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the CSIRO • British Antarctic Survey • Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences • Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society • Environmental Protection Agency • European Federation of Geologists • European Geosciences Union • European Physical Society • Federation of American Scientists • Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies • Geological Society of America • Geological Society of Australia • International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) • International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics • National Center for Atmospheric Research • National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration • Royal Meteorological Society • Royal Society of the UK

American Association for the Advancement of Science American Astronomical Society American Chemical Society American Geophysical Union American Institute of Physics American Meteorological Society American Physical Society Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the CSIRO British Antarctic Survey Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Environmental Protection Agency European Federation of Geologists European Geosciences Union European Physical Society Federation of American Scientists Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies Geological Society of America Geological Society of Australia International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics National Center for Atmospheric Research National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Royal Meteorological Society Royal Society of the UK The Academies of Science from 19 different countries all endorse the consensus.

American Association for the Advancement of Science American Astronomical Society American Chemical Society American Geophysical Union American Institute of Physics American Meteorological Society American Physical Society Australian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Australian Bureau of Meteorology and the CSIRO British Antarctic Survey Canadian Foundation for Climate and Atmospheric Sciences Canadian Meteorological and Oceanographic Society Environmental Protection Agency European Federation of Geologists European Geosciences Union European Physical Society Federation of American Scientists Federation of Australian Scientific and Technological Societies Geological Society of America Geological Society of Australia Geological Society of London International Union for Quaternary Research (INQUA) International Union of Geodesy and Geophysics National Center for Atmospheric Research National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration Royal Meteorological Society Royal Society of the UK The Academies of Science from 19 different countries all endorse the consensus.

Today — due to the important, irreplaceable values of its Arctic waters for Indigenous, Alaska Native and local communities» subsistence and cultures, wildlife and wildlife habitat, and scientific research; the vulnerability of these ecosystems to an oil spill; and the unique logistical, operational, safety, and scientific challenges and risks of oil extraction and spill response in Arctic waters — the United States is designating the vast majority of U.S. waters in the Chukchi and Beaufort Seas as indefinitely off limits to offshore oil and gas leasing, and Canada will designate all Arctic Canadian waters as indefinitely off limits to future offshore Arctic oil and gas licensing, to be reviewed every five years through a climate and marine science - based life - cycle assessment.

Canada's three federal research funding agencies — the Canadian Institutes of Health ($ 1 billion annual budget in 2016 - 17), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ($ 1.1 billion), the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada ($ 380 million)-- instituted an intellectual property law exception research funding agencies — the Canadian Institutes of Health ($ 1 billion annual budget in 2016 - 17), the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada ($ 1.1 billion), the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada ($ 380 million)-- instituted an intellectual property law exception Research Council of Canada ($ 1.1 billion), the Social Science and Humanities Research Council of Canada ($ 380 million)-- instituted an intellectual property law exception Research Council of Canada ($ 380 million)-- instituted an intellectual property law exception in 2014.

The first report from Canada's Science, Technology and Innovation Research Council said that Canadian businesses are stingy in funding research and deveResearch Council said that Canadian businesses are stingy in funding research and deveresearch and development.

«The Canadian Forum on Civil Justice is considered a leader in interdisciplinary research on civil justice,» says Faculty of Liberal Arts & Professional Studies Professor Lesley Jacobs, who teaches law & society and political science and is the director of the YCPPL.

They've released an open letterSignatories include, Association for Media and Technology in Education in Canada, Atlantic Provinces Library Association, BC Civil Liberties Association, BC Freedom of Information and Privacy Association, BC Library Association, Colin Bennett, Professor of Political Science, University of Victoria, Canadian Association of University Teachers, Canadian Federation of Students, Canadian Internet Policy and Public Interest Clinic, Canadian Library Association, CLUE: The Canadian Association for Open Source, Consumers Association of Canada, Electronic Frontier Canada, Electronic Frontier Foundation, FLORA.org, Michael Geist, Canada Research Chair of Internet and E-commerce Law at the University of Ottawa, Marsha Hanen, Adjunct Professor of Philosophy, University of Victoria, Ian Kerr, Canada Research Chair in Ethics, Law & Technology at the University of Ottawa, Library Association of Alberta, Online Rights Canada, Ontario Library Association, Bruce Phillips, former Privacy Commissioner of Canada, Privaterra, Pubic Interest Advocacy Centre, Teresa Scassa, Director of the Law and Technology Institute and Associate Professor at Dalhousie Law School, Val Steeves, Professor, Faculty of Criminology, University of Ottawa, Paul Van Oorschot, Canada Research Chair in Network and Software Security, at Carleton University.

The National Research Council's national science library, the Canadian Institute for Scientific and Technical Information (CISTI) is relied upon by many researchers worldwide for its resources and services.

And by now it won't surprise you to learn that the picture of Gladys Barton has matches in Google image search on dozens of different web pages, from a grants and contracts administrator at the Duke Social Science Research Institute to a Drupal training page to a beef retailer to a WordPress theme dummy page to the Turkish Canadian Chamber of CommerAnd by now it won't surprise you to learn that the picture of Gladys Barton has matches in Google image search on dozens of different web pages, from a grants and contracts administrator at the Duke Social Science Research Institute to a Drupal training page to a beef retailer to a WordPress theme dummy page to the Turkish Canadian Chamber of Commerand contracts administrator at the Duke Social Science Research Institute to a Drupal training page to a beef retailer to a WordPress theme dummy page to the Turkish Canadian Chamber of Commerce.

Canadian scientific research is under threat following the federal government making it more difficult to access scientific information and significantly down - sizing or closing federal science libraries.

As a result, the vast majority of original academic research in Canada, particularly in the social sciences and humanities, has been published by Canadian - owned firms (including the scholarly presses) which have needed both protection in law and subsidization by governments at all levels.

See my paper, «Access to Justice — The Unavailability of Legal Services at Reasonable Cost and the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms» (a pdf file of 66 pages, on the SSRN (the Social Science Research Network)-RRB-.

Ethereum owes its existence to the research of the Russian - Canadian programmer and expert in computer science, Vitalik Buterin.

India About Blog STEMCELL Technologies is a Canadian biotechnology company that develops specialized cell culture media, cell isolation products, instruments and accessory reagents for life science research.

This research and the preparation of this report were supported by a grant from The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number MOP - 67117) to the fourth author and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant number 1148897) to the firstresearch and the preparation of this report were supported by a grant from The Canadian Institutes of Health Research (grant number MOP - 67117) to the fourth author and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant number 1148897) to the firstResearch (grant number MOP - 67117) to the fourth author and a National Science Foundation Graduate Research Fellowship (grant number 1148897) to the firstResearch Fellowship (grant number 1148897) to the first author.