Sentences with phrase «carriers of this allele»

«Carriers of this allele had a roughly 2-fold increase in risk for PTSD.»

Research investigating the functional role of the A-1 allele has found that carriers of this allele, in contrast to carriers of the A-2 allele, have fewer brain D2 dopamine receptors [23, 24], have diminished glucose metabolism in the brain [25], are more attuned and responsive to stress [26], and exhibit reduced dopaminergic activity in the central nervous system [23].

Not exact matches

Pickrell also reported that the frequency of the ApoE4 allele, which is associated with Alzheimer's disease, drops in older people because carriers died early.

Carriers of the apolipoprotein (ApoE) ɛ4 allele are at greater risk for developing late - onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), develop AD at an earlier age, and experience a more severe cognitive decline and shorter survival times.

«Atrophy of the hippocampus, a region of the brain crucial for memory, is a common feature of AD, although it may also be detected in asymptomatic individuals as well as healthy adult carriers of the ApoE ɛ4 allele,» explained Andy Simmons, PhD, of the Department of Neuroimaging of the Institute of Psychiatry of King's College London.

The carrier burden in the NBS set was surprisingly high (0.57 per exome), with 45 % of individuals carrying at least one allele and 11 % carrying at least two alleles.

We also found the same pattern in APOE 34 carriers: carriers of the long and very long alleles had a slightly higher, but not statistically significantly different, AAO than did carriers of the short alleles (Supplemental Figure 4; http://neuroscienceresearch.wustl.edu/Pages/cruchaga2011.aspx).

Distinct patterns of brain activity in young carriers of the APOE - epsilon4 allele.

In a series of in vitro studies using blood samples from 37 participants, we found that shedding of sIL - 6R from neutrophils was greater in carriers of the Asp358Ala minor allele than in non-carriers.

At low - density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), carriers of rare non-synonymous mutations were at 4.2-fold increased risk for MI; carriers of null alleles at LDLR were at even higher risk (13-fold difference).

Human pulmonary artery endothelial cells cultured with serum from homozygous carriers showed an increase in MCP - 1 release in carriers of the minor allele, with the difference eliminated upon addition of tocilizumab.

The carriers of apo E4 allele, the ancestral «efficiency» allele, appear to exhibit higher harboring and decreased detoxification of trace heavy metals (iron, copper, lead, mercury).

11 ApoE4 heterozygotes (people with one allele) have a five-fold increased risk of developing AD, and homozygotes (two alleles) are estimated to have a staggering lifetime risk between 50 - 90 percent.12 Despite this seemingly damning genetic heritage, the ApoE4 allele is neither required nor sufficient for development of AD, as 50 percent of people with AD are not carriers, and some E4 homozygotes never develop the disease.13 On the other hand, the other known risk factor — hyperinsulinism — elevates risk by 43 percent independently of ApoE status.

When participants were stratified by CYP1A2 genotype, the increased risk of MI associated with coffee intake was observed only among carriers of the slow * 1F allele (P =.04 for gene × coffee interaction).

Corresponding ORs (95 % CIs) among carriers of the * 1F allele were 1.54 (1.03 - 2.32) for men and 2.83 (1.15 - 6.99) for women.

It has been suggested that the positive associations reported in case - control studies may have resulted from recall bias or confounding by factors such as smoking.19, 34 However, because we observed an association between coffee and risk of MI among carriers of the * 1F allele, and not among those homozygous for the * 1A allele, the associations between coffee and MI are unlikely due to recall bias or residual confounding.

RESULTS: Of the 40 Collies, 9 (22 %) were homozygous for the normal allele (normal), 17 (42 %) were heterozygous (carrier), and 14 (35 %) were homozygous for the mutant allele (affected).

Whether to breed Carriers of the IG - PRA1 risk allele is a difficult question to answer.

CARRIERS may be at increased risk of developing PRA associated with IG - PRA1 risk allele.

The dog is a carrier for cord1 - PRA and could pass on either allele to any offspring 50 % of the time.

The carriers of the mutated allele (heterozygotes) are clinically healthy, but pass the mutation on to their offsprings.

The affected dogs (A) are homozygous for the dodecamer repeat expansion mutation with multiple dodecamer repeats, carrier (C) dogs have the normal and mutated allele and clear dogs (WT) have three copies of the repeat [8]

The dog could be a carrier with a false allele (but because of how markers are inherited it will never be a Pattern B; it's still a Pattern C).

The availability of genetic tests for the detection of carrier dogs allows for selective breeding to prevent widespread dissemination of the deleterious allele to the breed while maintaining genetic diversity.

The sire of this dog was one of the animals that had produced RD affected puppies, and was inferred as having at least one copy of mutant allele 1 based on examination of the remainder of the littermates of the carrier dog that was identified.

Of twenty random dogs tested for the mutation, one carrier of mutant allele 1 was identifieOf twenty random dogs tested for the mutation, one carrier of mutant allele 1 was identifieof mutant allele 1 was identified.

Individuals homozygous for the «G» allele, when compared to carriers of the «A» allele, show higher empathy, lower stress response, [41] as well as lower prevalence of autism and of poor parenting skills.

Additionally, cultural values and frequency of S allele carriers negatively predict global prevalence of anxiety and mood disorder.

Importantly, we also reveal a novel and surprising negative association between individualism — collectivism, frequency of S allele carriers of the serotonin transporter gene and global prevalence of anxiety and mood disorder.

As predicted, neither frequency of S allele carriers of the 5 - HTTLPR nor cultural values of individualism — collectivism was significantly associated with either impulse control across nine nations or substance abuse across 12 nations (all p > 0.05)(table 2).

Results from correlation analysis between Hofstede's individualism — collectivism index (reverse scored) and frequency of S allele carriers of the 5 - HTTLPR across 29 nations.

Extending this logic to the current findings, we speculate that S and L allele carriers of the serotonin transporter gene may possess at least two kinds of information processing biases in the mind and brain that enhance their ability to store and transmit collectivistic and individualistic cultural norms, respectively.

By extension, S allele carriers may be more likely to demonstrate negative cognitive biases, such as engage in narrow thinking and cognitive focus, which facilitate maintenance to collectivistic cultural norms of social conformity and interdependence, whereas L allele carriers may exhibit positive cognitive biases, such as open, creative thinking and greater willingness to take risks, which promote individualistic cultural norms of self - expression and autonomy (Isen et al. 1987; Fredrickson 2001).

Finally, mediation analyses further indicate that increased frequency of S allele carriers predicted decreased anxiety and mood disorder prevalence owing to increased collectivistic cultural values.

It remains unclear why there exists genetic selection for S relative to L allele carriers in East Asian regions, but not other geographical regions of the world.

A potentially parsimonious explanation for the increased prevalence of S allele carriers, yet decreased prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders, in East Asia relative to other geographical regions is culture — gene coevolution of human behaviour.

One possible explanation for greater prevalence of S allele carriers in East Asia is that geographical variability in environmental pressures has led to cultural variability in individualism — collectivism via genetic selection.

Additionally, across 12 nations, the frequency of S allele carriers of the 5 - HTTLPR was a significant negative predictor of anxiety (β = − 0.31, p < 0.05) and mood disorders (β = − 0.21, p < 0.05).

Geographical regions characterized by cultural collectivism exhibit a greater prevalence of S allele carriers of the serotonin transporter gene, even when cultural regions rather than nations served as the unit of analysis.

Taken together, the current findings support our hypothesis that population frequency of S allele carriers predicts decreased prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders across nations owing to increased collectivistic cultural values.

Critically, our results further indicate that greater population frequency of S allele carriers is associated with decreased prevalence of anxiety and mood disorders due to increased cultural collectivism.

Second, we sought to determine whether the frequency of S allele carriers predicts cultural individualism and collectivism by conducting a multiple regression analysis with individualism — collectivism as the criterion variable and frequency of S allele carriers, as well as four other economic and health factors previously associated with individualism — collectivism including GDP per capita, inequity in the distribution of wealth (Gini index) as well as historical and contemporary pathogen prevalence as predictor variables (Fincher et al. 2008).

Evidence from population genetics reveals greater population frequency of 5 - HTTLPR S allele carriers of the 5 - HTTLPR functional polymorphism within certain geographical regions of the world, such as East Asia (figure 1b).

Our results provide novel evidence that geographical regions characterized by collectivistic cultural norms have a higher historical and contemporary prevalence of infectious diseases due, at least partially, to genetic selection of S allele carriers (Fincher et al. 2008).

Nations with a higher frequency of S allele carriers showed a lower prevalence of anxiety (r (12) = − 0.55, p < 0.03) and mood disorders (r (12) = − 0.52, p < 0.05).

Specifically, we hypothesized that increased frequency of S allele carriers of the 5 - HTTLPR functional polymorphism within East Asia is due to culture — gene coevolution, whereby collectivistic cultural values serve an adaptive function, reducing the probability of environmental stress, a known catalyst of negative affect, thus leading to genetic selection of the S allele within collectivistic cultures.

Results indicated that the cultural value of individualism — collectivism was the only significant predictor of the frequency of S allele carriers of 5 - HTTLPR across 22 nations (β = 0.52, p < 0.02)(table 1).

Nations with a higher historical prevalence of disease - causing pathogens showed a higher prevalence of S allele carriers (see electronic supplementary material, figure S2).

Consistent with our earlier finding using a larger dataset, across 12 nations, the frequency of S allele carriers of the 5 - HTTLPR was a significant positive predictor of cultural values of individualism — collectivism (β = 0.94, p < 0.05).

In all cases, this meant combining minor homozygotes with heterozygotes to form «carrier» groups of the dominant allele.