A correlation of Rostral
Cerebellar CCF Percentage and Cerebellar Brain Percentage revealed a positive relationship in the CKCS group (r = 0.4886 [p = 0.0008]-RRB-, but not in the small breed dog (r = 0.2363 [p = 0.1532]-RRB- or Labrador (r = 0.2562 [p = 0.2065]-RRB- groups.
Cerebellar crowding in the rostral and caudal parts of the CCF was expressed as the percentage of that part of the CCF which was occupied by cerebellum (Caudal
Cerebellar CCF Percentage and Rostral
Cerebellar CCF Percentage).
The volume of the cerebellum is expressed as a percentage of the caudal cranial fossa volume (Panels A and B:
Cerebellar CCF Percentage) and a percentage of the total brain volume (Panels C and D: Cerebellar Brain Percentage).
Pearson r correlation between Age vs.
Cerebellar CCF Percentage (r = − 0.2889, p = 0.1084) and Age.
The CM / SM group had a significantly larger
Cerebellar CCF Percentage (54.0 ± 0.7 % vs. 50.5 ± 0.75 % [p = 0.0034]-RRB- and a significantly larger Cerebellar Brain Percentage (9.56 ± 0.2 % vs. 8.75 ± 0.2 % [p = 0.0232]-RRB- than the CM group (Figure 3).
Crowding of cerebellum is defined as the percentage of the volume of each part of the caudal cranial fossa (CCF) which is occupied by cerebellar parenchyma (panel A: Rostral
Cerebellar CCF Percentage, panel B: Caudal
Cerebellar CCF Percentage).
The relationship between cerebellar overcrowding and relative cerebellar volume was tested with a Pearson r correlation of Caudal
Cerebellar CCF Percentage and Cerebellar Brain Percentage: The CKCS group demonstrated a positive correlation (r = 0.5204 [p = 0.0003]-RRB-, whilst the SB (r = 0.1277 [p = 0.4449]-RRB- and LD (r = 0.3016 [p = 0.1342]-RRB- group did not.
CKCS had a larger
Cerebellar CCF Percentage (CKCS 51.9 ± 0.3 % vs. SB 48.1 ± 0.7 % [p < 0.0001] and LD 41.6 ± 0.8 % [p < 0.0001]-RRB- and Cerebellar Brain Percentage (CKCS 9.00 ± 0.1 % vs. SB 7.63 ± 0.2 % [p < 0.0001] and LD 7.60 ± 0.2 % [p < 0.0001]-RRB- compared to the other groups (Figure 3).
Crowding of cerebellum is defined as the percentage of the volume of each part of the caudal cranial fossa (CCF) which is occupied by cerebellar parenchyma (Rostral
Cerebellar CCF Percentage and Caudal
Cerebellar CCF Percentage).
Not exact matches
We also found in CKCS that
cerebellar crowding in the caudal
CCF is more sensitive to changes in relative
cerebellar volume than
cerebellar crowding in the rostral
CCF, which is consistent with the theory that increased
cerebellar volume results in the cerebellum shifting caudally and causes obliteration of dead space in the caudal
CCF.
Our results support hypothesis iii) which states that in CKCS an increase in relative
cerebellar volume is correlated with an increase in
cerebellar crowding in the caudal
CCF.
In order to assess the clinical significance of
cerebellar volume and
CCF volume as prognostic indicators, further cohort and longitudinal studies are needed.
Previous volumetric studies in CKCS have shown that there is an association between SM and
CCF parenchyma volume [19], [26], but this is the first time that
Cerebellar volume has been linked to SM.
These parameters are accepted standards in canine brain volume measurement as they have been used in a study of
cerebellar atrophy [22] and
CCF parenchyma volume [18], [19].
We found that increased
cerebellar volume in the CKCS is correlated with crowding of the cerebellum in the caudal
CCF and this is not seen in Labradors or small breed dogs.
In contrast to small breed dogs and Labradors, CKCS exhibit correlation between increased
cerebellar volume and
cerebellar crowding within the caudal
CCF, suggesting that
CCF growth in CKCS is not keeping pace with the growth of the cerebellum.
Furthermore, the degree of
cerebellar crowding in the caudal
CCF is correlated with increased volume of the cerebellum in CKCS and this is not seen in small breed dogs or Labradors.
Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) showed a relationship between
cerebellar crowding and volume in both the rostral
CCF (p = 0.0008) and caudal
CCF (p = 0.0003) and Labradors (LD) and small breed dogs (SB) did not.
Our results show that the CKCS has a relatively larger cerebellum than small breed dogs and Labradors and provide evidence that increased
cerebellar volume in CKCS is associated with crowding of cerebellum in the caudal part of the
CCF.