The reason for the smaller apparent change in winter is the much larger
chaotic climate variability of temperature in that season, as summarized by the standard deviation (Fig. 2).
Separating Forced from
Chaotic Climate Variability over the Past Millennium.
variability a reconstruction shows, the higher sensitivity to natural forcings and / or the higher natural —
chaotic climate variability we should expect.
Separating Forced from
Chaotic Climate Variability over the Past Millennium.
Not exact matches
Ocean and atmospheric indices — in this case the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the North Pacific Oscillation — can be thought of as
chaotic oscillators that capture the major modes of
climate variability.
But, on the basis of studies of nonlinear
chaotic models with preferred states or «regimes», it has been argued, that the spatial patterns of the response to anthropogenic forcing may in fact project principally onto modes of natural
climate variability.
Averaging smoothes out day - to - day and year - to - year natural weather
variability and extremes, removing much of the
chaotic behavior, revealing any underlying long term trends in
climate, such as a long term increase or decrease in temperature, or long term shifts in precipitation patterns.
I still do not correctly understand how the calculation of CO2 sensitivity in past or present
climates can be independant from the estimation of the other forcings related to temperature trends (and from natural /
chaotic variability).
As far as surface temperature is concerned — the Royal Society said that
climate change is the result of ordered forcing and internal
climate variability as a result of
climate being an example of a
chaotic system.
Ocean and atmospheric indices — in this case the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the North Pacific Oscillation — can be thought of as
chaotic oscillators that capture the major modes of northern hemisphere
climate variability.
They system, the nodes and the
chaotic variability exists independently of minor changes in warming — although warming may ultimately push the system past a tippling point and change the
climate mode.
Ocean and atmospheric indices — in this case the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the North Pacific Oscillation — can be thought of as
chaotic oscillators that capture the major modes of NH
climate variability.
The model is actually based on ocean and atmospheric indices — in this case the El Niño Southern Oscillation, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the North Pacific Oscillation — and can be thought of as
chaotic oscillators that capture the major modes of
climate variability.
If it were not so then
climate would be very much more stable than it is with a virtually fixed latitudinal position for the air circulation systems and
climate variation being limited only to a basic level of
chaotic variability.
As where Marcott et al went wrong as
climate scientists, when they used paleoclimate data of long millenia time scales in natural
variability, with the short decadal time scale (weather) in natural
variability and claim to predict the future of where the pendulum of climatology will be in the future, when actually showing that they are confused, what they are representing as evidence of the future
climate is in fact their total misunderstanding of climatology and the complex
chaotic circumstances that influence the real world.
It takes about 20 years to evaluate because there is so much unforced
variability in the system which we can't predict — the
chaotic component of the
climate system — which is not predictable beyond two weeks, even theoretically.
However since such chaos - based
variability can not be explicitly modeled, one can not be certain that recent warming is natural -
chaotic however much it might resemble
climate behaviour in past times.
I don't know why you prefer to look at individual years and anomalies, those are artifacts of
chaotic inter annual
variability (weather), it is the smoothed trend that tells us what is going on with the
climate.
Nature provides only one single realization of many possible realizations of temperature
variability over time from a whole distribution of possible realizations of a
chaotic system for the given
climate conditions, whereas the ensemble mean of models is an average over many of the possible realizations (117 model simulations in this case).
The
climate is
chaotic, nudged over the long - term by specific unique combinations for forcing, with a lot of wiggly natural
variability «noise» over the shorter time frames.
The interest of
climate studies is to explore the boundaries between the stable and the
chaotic behaviors, and the expected effect of different external events (GHG, volcanoes, Sun,...) on these boundaries, as well as of the recent history (internal
variability).