Childhood Social Anxiety Disorder: From Understanding to Treatment.
Not exact matches
Consistent with current research, SMA believes that Selective Mutism is best understood as a
childhood social communication
anxiety disorder.
Selective Mutism is a complex
childhood anxiety disorder characterized by a child's inability to speak and communicate effectively in select
social settings, such as school.
Selective mutism (SM), formerly called elective mutism, is best understood as a
childhood anxiety disorder characterized by a child or adolescent's inability to speak in one or more
social settings (e.g., at school, in public places, with adults) despite being able to speak comfortably in other settings (e.g., at home with family).
Transitioning from
childhood to the teen years can be stressful; it's not unusual for
social anxiety disorder symptoms to begin appearing around age 13.
Research, diagnosis and multidisciplinary approaches to treating infant regulatory
disorders, developmental and
social communication
disorders, mood and
anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress
disorder, attention - deficit hyperactivity
disorder and other behavioral disturbances in early
childhood.
Research from the United States reported prevalence rates as high as 9 % for
anxiety disorders and 2 % for depression among preschool children.4 A recent study in Scandinavia also found 2 % of children to be affected by depression, but rates for
anxiety disorders were much lower (1.5 %).5 While most
childhood fears and transient sadness are normative, some children suffer from emotional problems that cause significant distress and impairment, limiting their ability to develop age - appropriate
social and pre-academic skills and / or participate in age - appropriate activities and settings.
AAI, Adult Attachment Interview; AFFEX, System for Identifying Affect Expression by Holistic Judgement; AIM, Affect Intensity Measure; AMBIANCE, Atypical Maternal Behaviour Instrument for Assessment and Classification; ASCT, Attachment Story Completion Task; BAI, Beck
Anxiety Inventory; BDI, Beck Depression Inventory; BEST, Borderline Evaluation of Severity over Time; BPD, borderline personality
disorder; BPVS - II, British Picture Vocabulary Scale II; CASQ, Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire; CBCL, Child Behaviour Checklist; CDAS - R, Children's Dysfunctional Attitudes Scale - Revised; CDEQ, Children's Depressive Experiences Questionnaire; CDIB, Child Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines; CGAS, Child Global Assessment Schedule; CRSQ, Children's Response Style Questionnaire; CTQ,
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; CTQ,
Childhood Trauma Questionnaire; DASS, Depression,
Anxiety, Stress Scales; DERS, Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale; DIB - R, Revised Diagnostic Interview for Borderlines; DSM, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders; EA, Emotional Availability Scales; ECRS, Experiences in Close Relationships Scale; EMBU, Swedish acronym for Own Memories Concerning Upbringing; EPDS, Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale; FES, Family Environment Scale; FSS, Family Satisfaction Scale; FTRI, Family Trauma and Resilience Interview; IBQ - R, Infant Behaviour Questionnaire, Revised; IPPA, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment; K - SADS, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School - Age Children; KSADS - E, Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia - Episodic Version; MMD, major depressive
disorder; PACOTIS, Parental Cognitions and Conduct Toward the Infant Scale; PPQ, Perceived Parenting Quality Questionnaire; PD, personality
disorder; PPVT - III, Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition; PSI - SF, Parenting Stress Index Short Form; RSSC, Reassurance - Seeking Scale for Children; SCID - II, Structured Clinical Interview for DSM - IV; SCL -90-R, Symptom Checklist 90 Revised; SCQ,
Social Communication Questionnaire; SEQ, Children's Self - Esteem Questionnaire; SIDP - IV, Structured Interview for DSM - IV Personality; SPPA, Self - Perception Profile for Adolescents; SSAGA, Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism; TCI, Temperament and Character Inventory; YCS, Youth Chronic Stress Interview; YSR, Youth Self - Report.
Simon, N.M., Herlands, N.N., Marks, E.H., Mancini, C., Letamendi, A., Li, Z., Pollack, M.H., Van Ameringen, M.D. and Stein, M.B. (2009)
Childhood maltreatment linked to greater symptom severity and poorer quality of life and function in
social anxiety disorder.
A temperamental disposition toward the avoidance of novel and uncertain situations together with a set of behaviors that indicate shyness and discomfort in
social interactions are comprehensively named
childhood shyness, or behavioral inhibition (BI).14 Children with high indexes of shyness - BI are at a heightened risk of developing
anxiety disorders, in particular
social phobia, 15 and subjects who fall within the BI —
social phobia developmental continuum show specific patterns of neurophysiologic responses to pictures of facial expressions.
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Thompson, Karolyn PhD, LPC — Adults, Anger, Adjustment Issues, Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse, Adult Survivors of
Childhood Abuse and Neglect,
Anxiety / Panic / Phobia, Bi-Polar
Disorder, Blended Family Issues, Career Counseling, Christian Counseling, Co-Dependency, Depression, Divorce Recovery, Domestic Violence, Eating Disorders, Family Issues, Grief and Loss, Life Transitions, Marital Counseling, Mood Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder, Pre-Marital Counseling, PTSD, Self - Esteem Issues, Sexual Abuse,
Social Problems, Stress Management, Trauma and Abuse, Women's Issues
Doctor, Elaine MA, LPC — Adults, Seniors, ADD / ADHD, Aging, Anger, Adjustment Issues, Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse, Adult Survivors of
Childhood Abuse and Neglect,
Anxiety / Panic / Phobia, Behavioral Addiction, Behavioral Problems, Bi-Polar
Disorder, Blended Family Issues, Co-Dependency, Communication / Relational Issues, Depression, Dissociative Disorders, Divorce Recovery, Domestic Violence, Eating Disorders, Grief and Loss, Marital Counseling, Mood Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder, Parenting Issues, Pre-Marital Counseling, PTSD, Self - Control / Impulse Issues, Self - Esteem Issues, Severe and Persistent Mental Illness, Sexual Abuse, Sexual Addiction,
Social Problems, Stress Management, Substance Abuse, Trauma and Abuse, Women's Issues
DesRosiers, Georgiana MA, LPC — Children, Adolescents, Adults, ADD / ADHD, Anger, Adjustment Issues, Adult Survivors of
Childhood Abuse and Neglect,
Anxiety / Panic / Phobia, Behavioral Addiction, Behavioral Problems, Bi-Polar
Disorder, Bullying, Career Counseling, Co-Dependency, Depression, Eating Disorders, Family Issues, Grief and Loss, Life Transitions, Mood Disorders, Oppositional / Defiant Behaviors, Parenting Issues, PTSD, Reactive Attachment
Disorder, Self - Control / Impulse Issues, Self - Injury, Severe and Persistent Mental Illness, Sexual Abuse,
Social Problems, Stress Management, Trauma and Abuse, Women's Issues
Children, Adolescents, Adults, Seniors, ADD / ADHD, Anger, Adjustment Issues, Adult Survivors of
Childhood Abuse and Neglect,
Anxiety / Panic / Phobia, Behavioral Addiction, Behavioral Problems, Bi-Polar
Disorder, Blended Family Issues, Bullying, Communication / Relational Issues, Depression, Divorce Recovery, Family Issues, Grief and Loss, Group Counseling, Life Transitions, Men's Issues, Mood Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder, Oppositional / Defiant Behaviors, Parenting Issues, PTSD, Self - Control / Impulse Issues, Self - Esteem Issues, Sexual Abuse,
Social Problems, Stress Management, Trauma and Abuse
Nordquist, Eric MA, LPC, NCC — Adolescents, Adults, Seniors, ADD / ADHD, Aging, Anger, Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse, Adult Survivors of
Childhood Abuse and Neglect,
Anxiety / Panic / Phobia, Behavioral Addiction, Bi-Polar
Disorder, Career Counseling, Christian Counseling, Co-Dependency, Depression, Family Issues, Grief and Loss, Marital Counseling, Men's Issues, Mood Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder, PTSD, Self - Esteem Issues, Sexual Abuse, Sexual Addiction,
Social Problems, Trauma and Abuse
Adolescents, Adults, Seniors, Adjustment Issues, Adult Survivors of Sexual Abuse, Adult Survivors of
Childhood Abuse & Neglect,
Anxiety / Panic / Phobia, Career Counseling, Christian Counseling, Depression, Divorce Recovery, Grief and Loss, Group Counseling, Life Transitions, Mood Disorders, Obsessive Compulsive
Disorder, Psychological Testing, Self - Esteem Issues,
Social Problems, Stress Management
Childhood anxiety disorders — specifically, separation
anxiety disorder,
social anxiety, obsessive - compulsive
disorder, and generalized
anxiety disorder
Measures utilized include the
Childhood Maltreatment Interview Schedule, the Sexual Assault and Additional Interpersonal Violence Schedule, the Clinician - Administered PTSD Scale (CAPS), the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM — IV (SCID - I and SCID - II), the Modified Posttraumatic Stress
Disorder Symptom Scale (MPSS - SR), the General Expectancy for Negative Mood Regulation Scale (NMR), the Anger Expression subscale (Ax / Ex) from the State — Trait Anger Expression Inventory, the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the State subscale of the State — Trait
Anxiety Inventory (STAI — S), the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP), the
Social Adjustment Scale — Self Report (SAS - SR), and the Working Alliance Inventory (WAI).
Mental
disorders with onsets that occur during either
childhood or adulthood include
anxiety disorders such as
social phobia and obsessive compulsive
disorder (OCD); and mood
disorders such as depression.
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental disorders during childhood and adolescence, with a prevalence of 3 — 5 % in school - age children (6 — 12 years) and 10 — 19 % in adolescents (13 — 18 years); 1, 2 and the prevalence of anxiety disorders in this population tends to increase over time.3 Anxiety is the most common psychological symptom reported by children and adolescents; however, presentation varies with age as younger patients often report undifferentiated anxiety symptoms, for example, muscle tension, headache, stomachache or angry outbursts.4 According to the standard diagnostic systems, there are various types of anxiety disorders, for example, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobias (SOP), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), overanxious disorder, separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
Anxiety disorders are among the most common mental
disorders during
childhood and adolescence, with a prevalence of 3 — 5 % in school - age children (6 — 12 years) and 10 — 19 % in adolescents (13 — 18 years); 1, 2 and the prevalence of anxiety disorders in this population tends to increase over time.3 Anxiety is the most common psychological symptom reported by children and adolescents; however, presentation varies with age as younger patients often report undifferentiated anxiety symptoms, for example, muscle tension, headache, stomachache or angry outbursts.4 According to the standard diagnostic systems, there are various types of anxiety disorders, for example, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobias (SOP), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), overanxious disorder, separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopatholo
childhood and adolescence, with a prevalence of 3 — 5 % in school - age children (6 — 12 years) and 10 — 19 % in adolescents (13 — 18 years); 1, 2 and the prevalence of
anxiety disorders in this population tends to increase over time.3 Anxiety is the most common psychological symptom reported by children and adolescents; however, presentation varies with age as younger patients often report undifferentiated anxiety symptoms, for example, muscle tension, headache, stomachache or angry outbursts.4 According to the standard diagnostic systems, there are various types of anxiety disorders, for example, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobias (SOP), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), overanxious disorder, separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
anxiety disorders in this population tends to increase over time.3
Anxiety is the most common psychological symptom reported by children and adolescents; however, presentation varies with age as younger patients often report undifferentiated anxiety symptoms, for example, muscle tension, headache, stomachache or angry outbursts.4 According to the standard diagnostic systems, there are various types of anxiety disorders, for example, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobias (SOP), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), overanxious disorder, separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
Anxiety is the most common psychological symptom reported by children and adolescents; however, presentation varies with age as younger patients often report undifferentiated
anxiety symptoms, for example, muscle tension, headache, stomachache or angry outbursts.4 According to the standard diagnostic systems, there are various types of anxiety disorders, for example, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobias (SOP), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), overanxious disorder, separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
anxiety symptoms, for example, muscle tension, headache, stomachache or angry outbursts.4 According to the standard diagnostic systems, there are various types of
anxiety disorders, for example, generalised anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobias (SOP), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), overanxious disorder, separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
anxiety disorders, for example, generalised
anxiety disorder (GAD), social phobias (SOP), social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), overanxious disorder, separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
anxiety disorder (GAD),
social phobias (SOP),
social anxiety disorder (SAD), panic disorder (PD), overanxious disorder, separation anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
anxiety disorder (SAD), panic
disorder (PD), overanxious
disorder, separation
anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive disorder (OCD).5 Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
anxiety, post-traumatic stress
disorder (PTSD), obsessive - compulsive
disorder (OCD).5
Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum disorders, 6 depressive disorders, 7 conduct disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
Anxiety disorders in children and adolescents often occur with a number of comorbidities, such as autism spectrum
disorders, 6 depressive
disorders, 7 conduct
disorder, 8 substance abuse9 or suicide - related behaviour.10 Youths with
anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12 Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
anxiety disorders experience serious impairment in
social functioning (eg, poor school achievement; relational problems with family members and peers).11, 12
Childhood and adolescent anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopatholo
Childhood and adolescent
anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology
anxiety disorders can persist despite treatment, 1 and they are associated with later adult psychopathology.13, 14
In this paper, one of the most common
disorders of
childhood and adolescence,
social anxiety disorder (SAD), is examined to illustrate the complex and delicate interplay between parent and child factors that can result in normal development gone awry.
Disorders considered herein include
anxiety disorders (agoraphobia, generalized
anxiety disorder, obsessive - compulsive
disorder, panic
disorder, posttraumatic stress
disorder,
social phobia, specific phobia), mood
disorders (bipolar I and II
disorders, dysthymia, major depressive
disorder),
disorders that share a feature of problems with impulse control (bulimia, intermittent explosive
disorder, and adult persistence of 3
childhood - adolescent
disorders — attention - deficit / hyperactivity
disorder, conduct
disorder, and oppositional - defiant
disorder — among respondents in the 18 - to 44 - year age range), and substance
disorders (alcohol and drug abuse and dependence).