Niebuhr maintained that
the Christian doctrine of the Atonement is the final key to this interpretation.
The whole point of
the Christian doctrine of Atonement is that God can not be merciful without fulfilling within himself, and on man's behalf, the requirements of divine justice.
Not exact matches
All these metaphors have been worked into theories
of the
atonement in
Christian history; but it is remarkable that no single
doctrine of atonement has ever become the accepted theory to the exclusion
of the others.
In other words, the teaching that the death
of Christ was (a) for sin and (b) in accordance with the scriptures was derived by both Mark and Paul from the primitive church; the
doctrine of the
Atonement is not Paul's unique and distinctive contribution to
Christian thought, for it is really pre-Pauline; further, it is not at all the central, cardinal
doctrine in «Paulinism,» but a subsidiary one; (Indeed, it is a component one — it forms part
of the
doctrine of the new creation in Christ) finally, the conception
of the way in which Christ's death becomes effective, as Paul conceived it, is peculiar to Paul and finds no trace in Mark or indeed elsewhere in the New Testament (Save in passages demonstrable dependent on Paul)-- Paul thinks
of it as a conquest
of the demonic powers in the very hour
of their greatest aggression and apparent triumph.
Christian affirmation about the work
of Christ in transforming men is interpreted in the
doctrines of atonement.
Wills is even better on the
Atonement, a
doctrine now widely rejected by liberal
Christians because
of its alleged reliance on an image
of God as patriarchal child - abuser.
And since Islam also presents no counterpart to the
Christian doctrine of original sin, it can only find all the more alien the orthodox
Christian kerygma that God assumed human form to die willingly an excruciating death in
atonement for the sin that has affected all humanity since the fall in the Garden
of Eden.
If one asserts a
doctrine of limited
atonement, according to which Christ died only for a segment and not even all
of the
Christian church, with the rest
of humanity being condemned to hell, one is deservedly accused
of Christian bigotry.
I must not undertake to give you a course in theology, but just to relieve your mind
of any suspicion that there is one orthodox
doctrine of the
atonement, which a
Christian is expected to accept, let me give you a sample or two.