Sentences with phrase «circulation model echam4»
The Modular Ocean Model (MOM) is a three - dimensional ocean circulation model designed primarily for studying the ocean climate system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/
The response of atmospheric CO2 and climate to the reconstructed variability in solar irradiance and radiative forcing by volcanoes over the last millennium is examined by applying a coupled physical — biogeochemical climate model that includes the Lund - Potsdam - Jena dynamic global vegetation model (LPJ - DGVM) and a simplified analogue of a coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model.
The experiments were performed with ModelE2, a new version of the NASA Goddard Institute for Space Sciences (GISS) coupled general circulation model that includes three different versions for the atmospheric composition components: a noninteractive version (NINT) with prescribed composition and a tuned aerosol indirect effect (AIE), the TCAD version with fully interactive aerosols, whole - atmosphere chemistry, and the tuned AIE, and the TCADI version which further includes a parameterized first indirect aerosol effect on clouds.
General circulation model calculations show extra heating in summer warms the stratosphere, strengthening easterly winds and changing wind patterns.
There is a lot more technical science and theory that could have been discussed in the post like the Walker - Circulation model (from 1923), the Madden - Julian oscillation (which in my mind shows how the ENSO helps drive the PDO and you can see this in the animations of the ENSO region), how the thermocline reacts during ENSO events, Kelvin Waves etc..
«The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX - GDDP) dataset is comprised of downscaled climate scenarios for the globe that are derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and across two of the four greenhouse gas emissions scenarios known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).
Other honourable mentions in the Carbon Brief survey of most influential climate papers go to Norman Phillips, whose 1956 paper described the first general circulation model, William Nordhaus's 1991 paperon the economics of the greenhouse effect, and a paper by Camile Parmesan and Gary Yohe in 2003, considered by many to provide the first formal attribution of climate change impacts on animal and plant species.
This coupled general circulation model includes dynamic - thermodynamics model of sea ice (LIM2) with horizontal resolution of about 1 degree.
We find, when all seven models are considered for one representative concentration pathway × general circulation model combination, such uncertainties explain 30 % more variation in modeled vegetation carbon change than responses of net primary productivity alone, increasing to 151 % for non-HYBRID4 models.
We applied the same method used in the observational analysis on general circulation model data to decrease the statistical uncertainty at the expense of an increased systematic uncertainty.
Pfeiffer, M. & Lohmann, G. Greenland ice sheet influence on last interglacial climate: global sensitivity studies performed with an atmosphere — ocean general circulation model.
Our proxy records are compared with climate model simulations using a coupled atmosphere - ocean general circulation model.
Due to computational constraints, the equilibrium climate sensitivity in a climate model is usually estimated by running an atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a mixed - layer ocean model, because equilibrium climate sensitivity is largely determined by atmospheric processes.
More than a decade ago I published a peer - reviewed paper that showed the UK's Hadley Centre general circulation model (GCM) could not model climate and only obtained agreement between past average global temperature and the model's indications of average global temperature by forcing the agreement with an input of assumed anthropogenic aerosol cooling.
In the RCPs, the concentration of greenhouse gases is fixed at different times in the future and the climate model (or general circulation model or GCM) uses those atmospheric concentrations to calculate future climate states.
Appendices 5.1 Abbreviaions WG1 Working Group 1 GHG Greenhouse Gas AR4 IPCC Fourth Assessment Report IPCC Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change CO2 Carbon Dioxide SPM Summary for Policy Makers GCM General Circulation Model
Here a simple biologically and physically - based model of sapflow potential is used to assess observed changes in sapflow across the Northeastern US from 1980 to 2006; document the correspondence between these observations and independent downscaled atmosphere ocean general circulation model (AOGCM) simulations of conditions during this period; and quantify changes in sapflow potential through 2100.
Manabe S. et al., 1975: The Effects of Doubling the CO2 Concentration on the Climate of a General Circulation Model.
Here, FOR values are derived from a General Circulation Model by extracting OLR and SLE over areas in east - central Europe (at about 60 ° N) one hour after injecting appropriate CO2 concentration (adjustments to the atmospheric profile are thus excluded) to the Feb. 1 midnight simulation.
Gamesa Corporation, 176 Gas (natural), 19 - 20, 40, 175, 185 - 186, 188 - 190, 192 - 196, 199 - 201, 205, 209, 214, 217, 219 - 226, 229, 244 Gasland, 225 Gasoline, 20 - 21, 24, 185, 187, 203 - 206, 208 - 212, 229, 243, 245 Ge, Quansheng, 60 - 61 General Circulation Model (GCM), 51 General Electric (GE), 14, 21, 176 General Motors (GM), 14, 212 - 213 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab, 87, 174 George Mason University, 133, 181 Georgia Institute of Technology, 83, 167 Geothermal, 234 German Advisory Council on Global Change, 216 German Chamber of Industry and Commerce, 218 German Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Nuclear Safety, 216 Germany, 11, 16, 20, 23, 28, 42 - 43, 123, 134, 176, 187, 191, 199, 203 - 204, 214, 216 - 218, 225, 244 Giaever, Ivar, 182 Gillard, Julia, 11, 40 Glacier, 53, 106, 156, 240 Glacier Girl, 107 - 108 Global governance, 35 - 38, 217 Global Warming Petition Project, 142 Golby, Paul, 219 Goldwind Corporation, 176 Goodstein, David, 222 Gore, Al, 2 - 3, 5 - 10, 13, 20, 30, 64, 80, 102, 115, 119, 124, 126, 129, 146, 156, 162, 179, 185, 201, 209, 213 effect, 36, 124, 138, 179, 219, 240 - 241 Graumlich, Lisa, 164 Gray, William, 117, 181 Great Barrier Reef, 139 - 140, 236 Greece, 134, 187, 244 Green Climate Fund, 37 Greenhouse effect, 50, 53, 69, 71 - 72, 74, 83 - 88 Greenhouse gas, 1 - 2, 6, 10 - 12, 14 - 16, 18, 20 - 22, 30, 32 - 33, 36, 38, 42, 44, 47, 52 - 53, 56, 68, 72, 76 - 77, 91, 106, 121, 127 - 128, 142, 144, 154 - 155, 166, 169, 199, 209, 215, 230, 233, 240, 242 - 243 Greenland, 56 - 57, 62 - 63, 76, 102, 104, 106 - 108, 111, 137, 240 Greenland Expedition Society, 107 Greenpeace, 25, 28, 42, 178, 192, 209, 222, 224 Greenwald, Julie, 115 Grossman, Juergen, 183 Grudd, Håken, 58 - 59 Gulledge, Jay, 123 - 124
The researchers, from the University of Southampton and the National Oceanography Centre of Southampton, sought to investigate the long - term fate of carbon that reaches the deep ocean, employing an ocean general circulation model to conduct particle - tracking experiments.
But certainly models with such a grand name as «General Circulation Model», would include average diurnal atmospheric circulation patterns in tropics, and diurnal and seasonal patterns at latitudes outside the tropics, as well as heat transfer to the deeper ocean.
John's focus was in General Circulation Model applications.
To investigate the relationship between SL and BP on climate scales, we considered interannual time series from satellite observations and a general circulation model ranging over 2005 - 2010 and smoothed over scales of 750 km.
We have investigated the coupled chemistry - climate response to projected emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone - depleting halogens over time, using the NASA GISS general circulation model, incorporating simple chemistry.
People convinced as to the accuracy of AO - GCM (Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Model) simulations may believe that these provide acceptable estimates of S, but even the IPCC does not deny the importance of observational evidence.
«Climate Sensitivity Due to Increased CO2: Experiments with a Coupled Atmosphere and Ocean General Circulation Model.»
The question is «evidence of what» a... ***** Since it is putatively a General Circulation Model of climate, one would expect it's output to deal with climate.
«The Response of a Spectral General Circulation Model to Refinements in Radiative Processes.»
Rowlands (2012) write, «Here we present results from a multi-thousand-member perturbed - physics ensemble of transient coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model simulations.
July 17, 2013 at 1:39 pm The lapse rate feedback is only a negative feedback (in the general circulation model) if the long wave radiation that is released when the water vapour condenses is emitted to space rather than trapped by increased water vapour.
If the objective was to develop a general circulation model that matches reality rather than to push an agenda likely one of model fixes would be modify to GCMs (modeling of planetary cloud cover) to match Lindzen and Choi finding that planetary cloud cover in the tropics increases or decreases to resist forcing changes by reflecting more or less radiation off to space.
«The Sensitivity of Monsoon Climates to Orbital Parameterization Changes for 9000 Years BP: Experiments with the NCAR General Circulation Model.»
Using an ocean circulation model for the shelf, the authors find that surface temperatures may increase by 0.5 to 2.0 °C, seasonal surface salinity may drop by up to 2 PSS in some areas, and that Haida Eddies will strengthen, as will the Vancouver Island Coastal Current and freshwater discharges into coastal waters.
Higher modelled temperature in the troposphere enables the general circulation model to assume there is more water vapour in the troposphere which amplifies the CO2 forcing by increasing the amount of water vapor in troposphere.
To investigate the effects of CO2 emissions on ocean pH, we forced the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory ocean general - circulation model (Fig. 1a) with the pressure of atmospheric CO2 (pCO2) observed from 1975 to 2000, and with CO2 emissions from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change's IS92a scenario1 for 2000 — 2100.
Wong, S., and W. - C. Wang, 2003: Tropical - extratropical connection in interannual variation of the tropopause: Comparison between NCEP / NCAR reanalysis and an atmospheric general circulation model.
«Numerical Results from a Nine - Level General Circulation Model of the Atmosphere.»
«Seasonal Cycle Experiments on Climate Sensitivity Due to a Doubling of CO2 with an Atmospheric General Circulation Model Coupled to a Simple Mixed Layer Ocean Model.»
We investigate the magnitude and nature of this climate change for the first time within a fully coupled General Circulation Model.
It appears other general circulation model fixes are required as there is a fairly long list of unexplained anomalies.
This thesis presents the results of several general circulation model simulations aimed at studying the effect of ocean circulation changes when they occur in conjunction with increased atmospheric trace gas concentrations.
Abstract: «The patterns of time / space changes in near - surface temperature due to the separate forcing components are simulated with a coupled atmosphere — ocean general circulation model»
Our general circulation model simulations, which take into account the recently observed widespread occurrence of vertically extended atmospheric brown clouds over the Indian Ocean and Asia, suggest that atmospheric brown clouds contribute as much as the recent increase in anthropogenic greenhouse gases to regional lower atmospheric warming trends.
An atmospheric general circulation model coupled to a simple mixed layer ocean was forced with altered implied ocean heat transports during a period of increasing trace gases.
O'Gorman, P. A., and T. Schneider, 2007: Recovery of atmospheric flow statistics in a general circulation model without nonlinear eddy - eddy interactions.
As noted in that post, RealClimate defines the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation («AMO») as, «A multidecadal (50 - 80 year timescale) pattern of North Atlantic ocean - atmosphere variability whose existence has been argued for based on statistical analyses of observational and proxy climate data, and coupled Atmosphere - Ocean General Circulation Model («AOGCM») simulations.
O'Gorman, P. A., and T. Schneider, 2008: Weather - layer dynamics of baroclinic eddies and multiple jets in an idealized general circulation model.
... A new sea - ice albedo parameterization scheme has been developed and implemented in ECHAM5 general circulation model, and includes important components like albedo decay due to snow aging, ice thickness dependency and an explicit treatment of melt pond albedo.
This is computed from an ice sheet surface mass balance model, with the snowfall amounts and temperatures derived from a high - resolution atmospheric circulation model.