Sentences with phrase «circulation models project»

Not exact matches

Some members, for one, have resorted to DIY projects, such as this one featured in the Tesla Motors Club, to improve air circulation in the Model S» third - row seats.

All this modelling work, combined with in situ measurements (oceanographic campaigns recently carried out as part of the AMOP project) help improve our understanding of the interactions between biogeochemistry, atmospheric circulation and oceanic circulation.

These simulations, which project climate change into the future, are called general circulation models (GCMs; see sidebar)

General circulation models (GCMs) help us project future climate conditions.

Scientists run general circulations models against these scenarios to project future climate conditions, including atmospheric carbon concentrations.

Knowledge of dominant scales associated with mesoscale eddies enables a better understanding of the resolution requirements for the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project, the framework used for comparison of global coupled ocean - atmosphere general circulation models.

The visualization covers the period June 2005 to December 2007 and is based on a synthesis of a numerical model with observational data, created by a NASA project called Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean, or ECCO for short.

In response, Armstrong et al. (Interfaces, 38 (5): 382 - 405, 2008) questioned the General Circulation Models (GCMs) upon which U.S.G.S. analyses relied; challenged the independence of U.S.G.S. from the policy process; and criticized the methods used by the U.S.G.S. to project the future status of polar bears.

In the rekognition of the uncertainties, the IPCC Good - Practice - Guidance - Paper on using climate model results offers some wise advice (first bullet point under section 3.5 on p. 10): the local climate change scenarios should be based on (i) historical change, (ii) process change (e.g. changes in the driving circulation), (iii) global climate change projected by GCMs, and (iv) downscaled projected change.

The analysis also follows the advice in the IPCC Good - Practice - Guidance - Paper on using climate model results: the local climate change scenarios should be based on (i) historical change, (ii) process change (e.g. changes in the driving circulation), (iii) global climate change projected by GCMs, and (iv) downscaled projected change.

Precipitation extremes and their potential future changes were predicted using six - member ensembles of general circulation models (GCMs) from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5).

We have investigated the coupled chemistry - climate response to projected emissions of greenhouse gases and ozone - depleting halogens over time, using the NASA GISS general circulation model, incorporating simple chemistry.

This project used a compiled set of emission and forcing scenarios called the Representative Concentration Pathways (RCP) to drive a group of the most complex climate available, so - called Atmosphere Ocean General Circulation Models.

Gamesa Corporation, 176 Gas (natural), 19 - 20, 40, 175, 185 - 186, 188 - 190, 192 - 196, 199 - 201, 205, 209, 214, 217, 219 - 226, 229, 244 Gasland, 225 Gasoline, 20 - 21, 24, 185, 187, 203 - 206, 208 - 212, 229, 243, 245 Ge, Quansheng, 60 - 61 General Circulation Model (GCM), 51 General Electric (GE), 14, 21, 176 General Motors (GM), 14, 212 - 213 Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Lab, 87, 174 George Mason University, 133, 181 Georgia Institute of Technology, 83, 167 Geothermal, 234 German Advisory Council on Global Change, 216 German Chamber of Industry and Commerce, 218 German Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Nuclear Safety, 216 Germany, 11, 16, 20, 23, 28, 42 - 43, 123, 134, 176, 187, 191, 199, 203 - 204, 214, 216 - 218, 225, 244 Giaever, Ivar, 182 Gillard, Julia, 11, 40 Glacier, 53, 106, 156, 240 Glacier Girl, 107 - 108 Global governance, 35 - 38, 217 Global Warming Petition Project, 142 Golby, Paul, 219 Goldwind Corporation, 176 Goodstein, David, 222 Gore, Al, 2 - 3, 5 - 10, 13, 20, 30, 64, 80, 102, 115, 119, 124, 126, 129, 146, 156, 162, 179, 185, 201, 209, 213 effect, 36, 124, 138, 179, 219, 240 - 241 Graumlich, Lisa, 164 Gray, William, 117, 181 Great Barrier Reef, 139 - 140, 236 Greece, 134, 187, 244 Green Climate Fund, 37 Greenhouse effect, 50, 53, 69, 71 - 72, 74, 83 - 88 Greenhouse gas, 1 - 2, 6, 10 - 12, 14 - 16, 18, 20 - 22, 30, 32 - 33, 36, 38, 42, 44, 47, 52 - 53, 56, 68, 72, 76 - 77, 91, 106, 121, 127 - 128, 142, 144, 154 - 155, 166, 169, 199, 209, 215, 230, 233, 240, 242 - 243 Greenland, 56 - 57, 62 - 63, 76, 102, 104, 106 - 108, 111, 137, 240 Greenland Expedition Society, 107 Greenpeace, 25, 28, 42, 178, 192, 209, 222, 224 Greenwald, Julie, 115 Grossman, Juergen, 183 Grudd, Håken, 58 - 59 Gulledge, Jay, 123 - 124

This affects the ability of these models to project the effects of sea - ice changes on the atmosphere, deep - ocean circulation and nutrient cycling.

Some global circulation models also project that mean winter precipitation in the Southwest will decline by up to 10 % [52], but it may take many years to detect effects on stream flows because of precipitation variability [55].

Importantly, the changes in cereal yield projected for the 2020s and 2080s are driven by GHG - induced climate change and likely do not fully capture interannual precipitation variability which can result in large yield reductions during dry periods, as the IPCC (Christensen et al., 2007) states: ``... there is less confidence in the ability of the AOGCMs (atmosphere - ocean general circulation models) to generate interannual variability in the SSTs (sea surface temperatures) of the type known to affect African rainfall, as evidenced by the fact that very few AOGCMs produce droughts comparable in magnitude to the Sahel droughts of the 1970s and 1980s.»

These results suggest that both global and regional climate models may fail to translate projected circulation changes into their likely rainfall impacts in southeast Australia.

«The authors write that North Pacific Decadal Variability (NPDV) «is a key component in predictability studies of both regional and global climate change,»... they emphasize that given the links between both the PDO and the NPGO with global climate, the accurate characterization and the degree of predictability of these two modes in coupled climate models is an important «open question in climate dynamics» that needs to be addressed... report that model - derived «temporal and spatial statistics of the North Pacific Ocean modes exhibit significant discrepancies from observations in their twentieth - century climate... conclude that «for implications on future climate change, the coupled climate models show no consensus on projected future changes in frequency of either the first or second leading pattern of North Pacific SST anomalies,» and they say that «the lack of a consensus in changes in either mode also affects confidence in projected changes in the overlying atmospheric circulation.»»

«The NASA Earth Exchange Global Daily Downscaled Projections (NEX - GDDP) dataset is comprised of downscaled climate scenarios for the globe that are derived from the General Circulation Model (GCM) runs conducted under the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 5 (CMIP5) and across two of the four greenhouse gas emissions scenarios known as Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs).

CAS = Commission for Atmospheric Sciences CMDP = Climate Metrics and Diagnostic Panel CMIP = Coupled Model Intercomparison Project DAOS = Working Group on Data Assimilation and Observing Systems GASS = Global Atmospheric System Studies panel GEWEX = Global Energy and Water Cycle Experiment GLASS = Global Land - Atmosphere System Studies panel GOV = Global Ocean Data Assimilation Experiment (GODAE) Ocean View JWGFVR = Joint Working Group on Forecast Verification Research MJO - TF = Madden - Julian Oscillation Task Force PDEF = Working Group on Predictability, Dynamics and Ensemble Forecasting PPP = Polar Prediction Project QPF = Quantitative precipitation forecast S2S = Subseasonal to Seasonal Prediction Project SPARC = Stratospheric Processes and their Role in Climate TC = Tropical cyclone WCRP = World Climate Research Programme WCRP Grand Science Challenges • Climate Extremes • Clouds, Circulation and Climate Sensitivity • Melting Ice and Global Consequences • Regional Sea - Ice Change and Coastal Impacts • Water Availability WCRP JSC = Joint Scientific Committee WGCM = Working Group on Coupled Modelling WGSIP = Working Group on Subseasonal to Interdecadal Prediction WWRP = World Weather Research Programme YOPP = Year of Polar Prediction

To better understand these discrepancies, a recent study published in Geophysical Research Letters investigates the drivers of changes in deep ocean circulation across a range of modern and Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ~ 21000 years ago) climate simulations from the latest Paleoclimate Modelling Intercomparison Project (PMIP).

New #JClimate modeling study projects changes to #ElNino & related tropical circulation & precip as #climate warms: [link]

However, it remains a major scientific challenge to model and project the changes of the magnitude and intensity of subsurface oxygen depletion because it depends on changes in ocean circulation, rates of de-nitrification, and nutrient runoff from land, and because global data coverage for chemical and biological parameters remains poor.

General circulation models (GCMs) project continued warming, with annual temperatures 3 — 5 °C above current levels by the end of the century (1).

Researchers project future climate using climate models — computer - based numerical simulations that use the equations for fluid dynamics and energy transfer to represent atmospheric weather patterns and ocean circulation.

Climate models disagree in pattern and magnitude of projected changes in atmospheric circulation and climate variability, particularly for precipitation (e.g., with respect to the Indian and West African monsoons).

Percent snow depth changes in March (only calculated where climatological snow amounts exceed 5 mm of water equivalent), as projected by the Canadian Regional Climate Model (CRCM; Plummer et al., 2006), driven by the Canadian General Circulation Model (CGCM), for 2041 to 2070 under SRES A2 compared to 1961 to 1990.

GEOG 5100: Climate System Modeling This is a hands on research seminar focusing on climate model development from the simplest to most complex models culminating with a final research project designing and analyzing a General Circulation climate model experiment.

The greater rate of warming in the tropical mid-troposphere that is projected by general - circulation models is absent in this and all other observational datasets, whether satellite or radiosonde.

The technique was originally developed to examine the storm tracks produced by atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs), but it is directly applicable to other gridded SLP datasets, such as those derived in weather forecasts or reanalysis projects.

Three - dimensional (3D) planetary general circulation models (GCMs) derived from the models that we use to project 21st Century changes in Earth's climate can now be used to address outstanding questions about how Earth became and remained habitable despite wide swings in solar radiation, atmospheric chemistry, and other climate forcings; whether these different eras of habitability manifest themselves in signals that might be detected from a great distance; whether and how planets such as Mars and Venus were habitable in the past; how common habitable exoplanets might be; and how we might best answer this question with future observations.