Continue Reading USPTO Announces Notice of Proposed Rulemaking for
Claim Construction Standard used in PTAB Proceedings
What one can conclude from the Cuozzo holding is that IPRs are USPTO proceedings, and as a result the USPTO and the PTAB will be given the broadest discretion available under the relevant statutes, including setting their own
claim construction standard.
Cuozzo also argued that the district court's narrower
claim construction standard set forth in Phillips v. AWH Corp., 415 F. 3d 1303 (Fed.
Cuozzo also argued that the district court's narrower
claim construction standard set forth in
Finally,
the claim construction standard at the USPTO is broader than federal court and again makes it easier to invalidate the patent.
The Supreme Court spent the vast majority of the argument questioning counsel about the BRI
claim construction standard, and discussed the patent owner's ability to appeal PTAB institution decisions only briefly.
It should be noted that the proper
claim construction standard for PTAB trial proceedings is a subject of patent reform bills pending in Congress, which would direct the USPTO to apply the same standard as that used in federal court litigation.
In a set of revised opinions from the panel hearing the appeal, and three additional opinions, the court exposed sharp division on the proper
claim construction standard applicable to AIA trial proceedings.
Ultimately, it is unclear whether the different
claim construction standards applied will prove substantial enough to prevent issue preclusion in later district court patent infringement actions.
Therefore, the district court held that because
the claim construction standards are different between the district court and the PTAB, B&B Hardware did not apply to create a preclusive effect.
In addition to applying different
claim construction standards, the Court listed a number of differences between AIA trials and federal court litigation: the lack of a constitutional standing requirement for petitioners, the PTAB practice of reaching a final decision even after the petitioner settles out, and a lower burden of proof.
Claim construction standards for reexamination are unaffected.
Not exact matches
The lawsuit
claims that Allegheny undertook many
construction projects over the years to extend the operational lifespan of these plants without complying with federal
standards that require implementation of best available control technology
standards to reduce sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxide emissions when new sources of power are constructed.
King County
construction contracts contain
standard general terms and conditions, which require contractors to submit
claim notices and documentation within specified timeframes.
If the new
standard causes the Federal Circuit's relatively high reversal rate on
claim construction to decrease, parties may go to greater lengths to avoid litigation in forums with relatively inexperienced judges or uneven track records in determining patent cases.
In contrast, the PTAB and district courts use different
standards for
claim construction.
At oral argument, counsel for Cuozzo argued that the PTAB should apply the Phillips
claim construction analysis to IPR proceedings for several reasons: 1) BRI only applies when a
claim under review may be freely amended; 2) Congress intended the IPR process to be «adjudicatory» rather than «examinational;» and 3) the two different
standards would result in anomalies, including situations where
claims mean «one thing for patentability in the Board, but a wholly different thing for infringement in the district courts.»
Judge Newman filed a separate dissent, pointing out that all amicus briefs submitted in the case argued against different
standards in PTAB and district court proceedings, stressing the concern that different
claim constructions would lead to uncertainty a lack of predictability in patent rights.
The case presents two procedural issues under the AIA trial format: First, whether the PTAB should construe
claims during an IPR using the USPTO's «broadest reasonable interpretation» (or «BRI»)
construction standard; and second, whether the PTAB's decision to institute review is subject to review by the U.S. Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit.
Cuozzo also argued that the PTAB had erred in construing the
claims under the USPTO's broadest reasonable interpretation («BRI»)
construction standard, rather than affording the
claims their meaning under the Phillips analysis.
Meghan has also represented clients in wide array of civil lawsuits concerning
construction accidents, labor and employment laws and regulations, professional liability and malpractice
claims, constitutional
claims, embezzlement, fraud, and best banking practices and
standards.
Anderson, Jonas and Menell, Peter S., From De Novo Review to Informal Deference: An Historical, Empirical, and Normative Analysis of the
Standard of Appellate Review for Patent
Claim Construction, UC Berkeley Public Law Research Paper (September 20, 2012)
Formal recognition of this more deferential
standard promises to improve the quality of
claim construction at the trial court level while improving transparency and encouraging earlier settlement of patent disputes.
Recent instructions include: • Acting as Junior Counsel to Roddy Dunlop QC in a seven figure
claim relating to failure by solicitors to obtain a
standard security in relation to loan funds advanced by a commercial lender • Acting as Junior Counsel to Alistair Clark QC (as he then was) on behalf of the pursuers, a major commercial lender, in pursuing seven figure negligence
claims against solicitors and surveyors relating to their advance of loan funds for the purchase of commercial property • Acting as Junior Counsel to Heriot Currie QC for one of the defenders (a firm of architects) in a seven figure multi-party
claim relating to
construction and design defects at a major shopping centre • Acting as Junior Counsel to Alastair Duncan QC for one of the defenders in a
claim against both solicitors and counsel relating to alleged negligence by family lawyers relating to the preparation of a settlement agreement • Acting as sole counsel for the pursuer in a
claim against solicitors for allowing the time bar of her clinical negligence action against a health board
Indeed, while live expert testimony is uncommon in
claim construction proceedings under the old
standard, the Teva decision makes live testimony more likely so the district judge can weigh competing evidence, assess credibility and make specific factual findings.
Kamholz says that by having courts and the PTAB work on the same
standard, there is a stronger basis for judges in one forum to rely on
claim constructions rulings in the other.
The primary focus of the articling experience in Toronto is on all aspects of labour and employment law, including labour arbitration, proceedings before the Ontario Labour Relations Board and Canada Industrial Relations Board, human rights and equity issues (including Charter litigation), collective bargaining,
construction labour relations, pension and benefits law, workers» compensation, disability
claims, employment
standards, wrongful dismissal litigation and occupational health and safety.
Primary elements of the bill would create a presumption of awarding attorney fees to the prevailing party and ensuring that those financing litigation can be held liable if the assertion entity is undercapitalized; requiring higher pleading
standards for patent cases; and limiting discovery until after
claim construction.
The Court rejected two challenges to the PTO's inter partes review, or IPR, proceeding, upholding the PTO's use of the broadest reasonable interpretation
standard for
claim construction and concluding that the PTO's decision to institute an IPR proceeding is final and not appealable.»