Thus, the termination clause successfully rebutted
the common law presumption of reasonable notice.
In Bowes, Chief Justice Winkler, writing for a five - member panel of the Court of Appeal, held that if an employment agreement specifies the amount payable to an employee if the employer terminates the employment contract, whether fixed or readily calculable, the parties have contracted out of
the common law presumption of providing reasonable notice of dismissal.
However, controversy has arisen as to whether this seemly simple statement captures all gifts to a spouse such that
the common law presumption of advancement no longer applies.
However, in the case of land
the common law presumption of joint tenancy has been altered by statute, so that land owned by two or more persons is presumed to be owned by them as tenants in common unless the title expressly states that they are joint tenants.
Not exact matches
To the extent that the
presumption of advancement is applied differently between traditional marriages,
common law relationships, and same - sex marriages, the continued application
of the
presumption of advancement is incoherent with the legislative objective
of putting all such unions or marriages on an equal footing.
Section 9
of the Ontario Employment Standards Act, 2000 effectively reverses the
common law presumptions; both that the sale
of a business terminates employment and that employment with the seller is not to be taken into account when calculating an employee's entitlements to notice
of termination from the purchaser.
It found that a fixed term in an employment agreement rebuts the
presumption of reasonable notice
of termination at
common law by providing a clear end date
of employment.
Put differently, the corollary
of the
presumption of compliance is that «courts will apply the
law laid down by statute or
common law, even if it is inconsistent with a treaty which is binding upon Canada.»
This case provides an important re-statement
of the
law surrounding requests for further defence medical examinations and rebuts the
common presumption of defence counsel that defendants are permitted to obtain defence medical report (s) in the same medical specialty to respond to report (s) served by the plaintiff, irrespective
of what reports they have already served.
There is a
presumption that an employee terminated without cause is entitled to
common law reasonable notice, which is an assessment
of factors such as age, length
of service, availability
of similar employment and character
of position, and can result in a notice period as long as twenty - four (24) months.
At issue here is the raison d'être
of the European Union and the creation
of an area
of freedom, security and justice and, in particular, the
Common European Asylum System, based on mutual confidence and a
presumption of compliance, by other Member States, with European Union
law and, in particular, fundamental rights.
Where this test is met, the
common law's
presumption in favour
of consent will be displaced, and the provisions governing substituted decision - making under the Act will take effect.
Since there is no
presumption of equal sharing, it will be interesting to see whether, in the right circumstances, the courts will allow a claimant spouse to receive more than 50 per cent
of the growth in the family's wealth, such that a
common law spouse may actually receive a greater proprietary entitlement than a married spouse (a hitherto unheard
of result).
At
common law and under earlier statutes, there was a
presumption that children under 14 were incapable
of forming any criminal intention, so the police were routinely kept out
of school disciplinary matters.
Lord Dyson's approach in Edwards would require an express contractual term preserving his
common law remedy in order to rebut the
presumption that he intended to be limited to the provisions
of the statutory unfair dismissal scheme.
Justice Kirby did not think that these
common law presumptions had been overridden by the general language
of the LAA that allowed for acquisition «for any purpose whatsoever»:
The corollary
of the requirement for a clear and plain intention is the
common law presumption that the Crown will not so intend.
The Commission submits that in conformity with the guarantee
of equality, the rights
of indigenous minorities and freedom
of religion, and consistent with the
common law presumption against extinguishment
of a proprietary interest and constitutional jurisprudence in relation to the acquisition
of property, sub-sec 223 (1) should be construed in a manner which promotes the resilience
of native title, rather than its fragility and susceptibility to destruction forever.
However, the
common law does not limit the rebuttable
presumption of lawful possession only to current possession.
Rather, the
common law accepts that every possession
of land, whether past or present, raises a rebuttable
presumption that the possession was or is lawful.
Richard Bartlett makes this point in his argument that, on the basis
of equality, the
common law presumption against the extinguishment
of a proprietary interest should be extended to native title.
These obligations require that the
common law presumption against extinguishment
of a proprietary interest be extended to the recognition and protection
of native title which has been proven to exist in accordance with Indigenous
law and customs.