Sentences with phrase «computer model estimates»

When that cooling is subtracted, the long - term warming effect is reduced to 0.09 C (0.16 ° F) per decade, well below computer model estimates of how much global warming should have occurred.

Computer model estimates of the «human influence» fingerprint are broadly similar to the observed pattern.

Computer models estimate that 186 whales and 155 dolphins will be killed in the war games, with millions of other marine animals being injured.

Not exact matches

Deloitte Access Economics (DAE) was commissioned by Tabcorp to model public benefits of cost savings they anticipated from the merger DAE's Regional General Equilibrium computer general equilibrium model (CGE model) to estimate «broader and long - term economy - wide benefits associated with the merger» (para 514)

The team also used a separate computer model developed by the Federal Emergency Management Agency to estimate the costs: more than $ 250 million in building and crop damage in the flooded area.

That is 19 °C warmer than temperatures today — more than computer models had estimated (Geology, DOI: 10.1130 / g30815.1).

The computer models used to generate the maps also estimate where, how often and how strongly ground shaking from an earthquake could occur, so that residents, engineers and city planners can see the likelihood that their community will experience a damaging earthquake over the next year.

They also used a physically based computer model of the hydrologic cycle, which takes daily weather observations and computes the snow accumulation, melting, and runoff to estimate the total snowpack in the western U.S.

Previous estimates, Schultz said, were based solely on computer models and yielded a size estimate of only about 50 miles in diameter.

ETH researchers have now shown that the high estimated mutation rates at the start of the epidemic were due to the limited number of virus samples at the time in combination with the computer models used, which calculate the estimates using genetic data from virus samples and from underlying assumptions.

When the team combined OCO - 2 data from selected passes over certain power plants in the United States with computer models of how emissions plumes would disperse, its estimates of those plants» emissions fell within 17 % of the actual amounts those facilities reported for those days, the researchers report this week in Geophysical Research Letters.

Using data from several sources on 162 terrestrial animals and plants unique (endemic) to the Albertine Rift, the researchers used ecological niche modeling (computer models) to determine the extent of habitat already lost due to agriculture, and to estimate the future loss of habitat as a result of climate change.

By reconstructing past global warming and the carbon cycle on Earth 56 million years ago, researchers from the Niels Bohr Institute among others have used computer modelling to estimate the potential perspective for future global warming, which could be even warmer than previously thought.

Using a computer model, they also estimated the ambient noise naturally present at each site.

The image was produced using a computer model which estimates ozone levels from actual meteorological data.

Other researchers have used computer models to estimate what an event similar to a Maunder Minimum, if it were to occur in coming decades, might mean for our current climate, which is now rapidly warming.

To get a fuller picture, Vivek Arora of Environment Canada and the University of Victoria, British Columbia, and Alvaro Montenegro of St Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia, Canada, used a computer model to estimate the overall effect of reforesting.

Dr Philip Cox, of the Centre for Anatomical and Human Sciences, a joint research centre of the University's Department of Archaeology and HYMS, used computer modelling to estimate how powerful the bite of Josephoartigasia could be.

In his new paper, Lovejoy applies the same approach to the 15 - year period after 1998, during which globally averaged temperatures remained high by historical standards, but were somewhat below most predictions generated by the complex computer models used by scientists to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions.

«If in the Neoarchean period 97 % of the Earth's surface had been, as estimated from computer models, covered by water, these geochemical signals would not have been found for Neoarchean seawater,» adds Dr. Hoffmann.

A computer model uses this data to estimate neurotransmitter reuptake across the brain.

A computer model based on these figures was used to estimate the space rock's orbital path.

Rather than using complex computer models to estimate the effects of greenhouse - gas emissions, Lovejoy examines historical data to assess the competing hypothesis: that warming over the past century is due to natural long - term variations in temperature.

Using a computer model that fused air pollution and atmospheric chemistry data, they estimated what annual average levels of ozone (a key smog ingredient) and fine particulates smaller than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) were in 2010 within 100 - km - by -100-km grid squares across the world.

While his new study makes no use of the huge computer models commonly used by scientists to estimate the magnitude of future climate change, Lovejoy's findings effectively complement those of the International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), he says.

«I was surprised the computer models did as good of a job as they did as predicting the changes that we estimated.»

Computer models can give a good estimate of mantle flow and crustal uplift, he said, and GNET's mission is to make those models better by providing direct observations of present - day crustal motion.

The «pruning module» (robot, cameras, computer and cutters) will be mounted on an over-the-row-harvester, says Gunkel, who estimates that the first models could be in vineyards within five years.

The measurements are then run through a computer model that uses the data to estimate the potential worst case scenario regarding «transuranic» activity in the area.

But the US Department of Energy — whose research facilities sustained an estimated $ 1 million of damage in the earthquake — concluded that it actually enhanced the site's suitability, because seismologists were able to verify computer models about the seismological stability of the mountain and its environs they had generated from historical data.

International institutions such as CGIAR have developed computer models that use data on climate, crop types, and other factors to estimate current food production and forecast future trends.

Scientists use the available data and complex computer modeling to fill in the gaps and estimate the burden of, say, turberculosis in Peru or high blood pressure in Italy.

But the computer models that they and others use have become so complex that it is difficult for outsiders to test and validate the estimates.

With that data, they will build computer simulations, or models, to estimate the condition of the Red Planet's atmosphere billions of years ago.

Previously, astronomers estimated Jupiter's age with computer models.

The computer model's estimates were checked against known demographics and voting habits, with much success.

To find these numbers, Dr. Lee and his colleagues developed a computer model to represent the U.S. adult population, and estimated lifetime health effects for people who were obese, overweight, or healthy weight at ages 20 through 80.

Estimates from regressions with detailed controls, nearest - neighbor models, and propensity score models all indicate large, positive, and statistically significant relationships between computer ownership and earnings and employment, in sharp contrast to the null effects of our experiment.

The study, combining ground and aerial sampling of the gas with computer modeling, is the most comprehensive «top down» look so far at methane levels over the United States, providing a vital check on «bottom up» approaches, which have tallied estimates for releases from a host of sources — ranging from livestock operations to gas wells.

To make sure I've understood your 2006 article correctly, Dr. Hansen's 10 years to a tipping point is an educated (very educated) estimate of how long we have to stop increasing CO2 ppm (to prevent it going over the dangerous 400ppm level) as opposed to the result of calculations from a computer model.

While you might argue that the best quantitative and detailed estimates come from computer models, the physics of the greenhouse effect are very basic indeed.

They might not make accurate estimates of economies of scale of solar and wind collection devices in the SimCity computer model, or fully account for incidental costs of burning coal.

In their research, team members used advanced computer models of the climate system to estimate changes in the tropopause height that likely result from anthropogenic effects.

Using a computer model of wave - induced current stresses, the team estimated how powerful currents would need to be for forces they exert at the sea floor to exceed a «critical force» that triggers sediment suspensions and could lead to underwater mudslides.

But scientists were caught out — in one computer model, 111 of 114 estimates over-stated recent temperature rises.

Even under optimistic assumptions about computer performance continuing to increase exponentially, we estimate that climate models resolving low clouds globally will not be available before the 2060s.

Using computer climate models, scientists estimate that by the year 2100 the average global temperature will increase by 1.4 degrees to 5.8 degrees Celsius (approximately 2.5 degrees to 10.5 degrees Fahrenheit).

A new international study is the first to use a high - resolution, large - scale computer model to estimate how much ice the West Antarctic Ice Sheet could lose over the next couple of centuries, and how much that could add to sea - level rise.

So, they didn't actually simulate sea level changes, but instead estimated how much sea level rise they would expect from man - made global warming, and then used computer model predictions of temperature changes, to predict that sea levels will have risen by 0.8 - 2 metres by 2100.

The study will use a combination of complex computer models to replicate past weather patterns in the Atlantic Ocean, Caribbean Sea and Gulf, and use the results, along with estimates of future production of man - made greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide and methane to predict Gulf hurricane activity.