Consistent model biases among the simulations driven by a set of alternative forcings suggest that uncertainty in the forcing plays only a relatively minor role.
Not exact matches
By using measurements collected from the U.S. DOE ARM's SGP sites and other available sources, this study shows that all participating
models simulate excessive net shortwave and longwave fluxes at the surface, but with no
consistent mean
bias sign in turbulent fluxes over the Central U.S. and SGP.
More specifically, the district and its teachers are not coming to an agreement about how they should be evaluated, rightfully because teachers understand better than most (even some VAM researchers) that these
models are grossly imperfect, largely
biased by the types of students non-randomly assigned to their classrooms and schools, highly unstable (i.e., grossly fluctuating from one year to the next when they should remain more or less
consistent over time, if reliable), invalid (i.e., they do not have face validity in that they often contradict other valid measures of teacher effectiveness), and the like.
The author's points on non-linearity and time delays are actually more relevant to the discussion in other presentations when I talked about whether the climate
models that show high future sensitivities to CO2 are
consistent with past history, particularly if warming in the surface temperature record is exaggerated by urban
biases.
These
models may have
consistent bias from bad or incomplete science, or other defects that produce general
biased results.
It leads to selection
bias, and it often (as in the example above) is most strongly constrained by
models that are not
consistent with data.
At this lead time, the
model shows a
consistent high
bias in its forecasts of September ice extent.
Consistent with a cognitive - distortion
model, children with depressive and depressive - aggressive symptoms had more negative conceptions than would be expected given their social status, whereas aggressive - unpopular children demonstrated a self - enhancement
bias.
Hence, speculatively, perhaps certain proximal correlates of rearing in advantaged socioeconomic environments (e.g. more frequent and
consistent exposure to supportive parenting practices and parent — child interactions; more frequent home and school exposures to adult
modeling of adaptive decision - making) favorably influence — and in their absence, impede — the assembly and long - term functionality of brain systems supporting top - down or regulatory control functions that, in turn,
bias individuals toward less impulsive decision - making (Hackman and Farah, 2009; Hackman et al.