Sentences with phrase «cyclin d1»

ONC201 induced caspase - dependent apoptosis that involved activation of the integrated stress response (ATF4 / CHOP) pathway, inhibition of Akt phosphorylation, Foxo3a activation, downregulation of cyclin D1, IAP and Bcl - 2 family members.

Del Sal G, Murphy M, Ruaro E, Lazarevic D, Levine AJ and Schneider C. Cyclin D1 and p21 / waf1 are both involved in p53 growth suppression.

[5,7,9] Flavopiridol also inhibits cdk7 / cyclin H, thus preventing the phosphorylation and subsequent activation of several cdks [6,8] and down - regulates cyclin D1, the cyclin associated with cdks 4 and 6.

Moreover, Cyclin D1 was statistically significant correlated with PR - positivity (P = 0.047), hence there was 63.3 % of all malignant cases were PR - positive compared to 36.7 % were PR - negative.

While during S phase the cell automatically suppresses Cyclin D1 formation because it has the ability to inhibit DNA synthesis which may block the cycle progression and lead to the cell - arrest in this position [9].

Cyclin D1 production in cycling cells depends on ras in a cell - cycle - specific manner.

For confirming our study results, the correlation between Cyclin D1 - staining scores and the percentage of S - phase obtained by flow cytometry which showed no significant correlation between Cyclin D1 protein and increased S - phase %.

Fukami - Kobayashi J, Mitsui Y. Cyclin D1 inhibits cell proliferation through binding to PCNA and CDK2.

Over again Cyclin D1 expression elevated during G2 phase which enables the cell to commit to continue the proliferation [10].

Cyclin D1 has been observed in many human tumors and is likely to promote cell proliferation and differentiation by shortening the G1 / S transition.

The remaining 6 cases (20 %) did not show any considerable staining for Cyclin D1 in the nucleus and were classed as negative nuclear stain.

Validation of Cyclin D1 / CDK4 as an anticancer drug target in MCF - 7 breast cancer cells: Effect of regulated overexpression of Cyclin D1 and siRNA - mediated inhibition of endogenous Cyclin D1 and CDK4 expression.

CCND1, which encodes cyclin D1, is amplified in a number of melanomas with wild - type BRAF and NRAS.

In the correlation between the Cyclin D1 IOD and the different phases of the cell cycle it was noticed that, there was no any statistically association between Cyclin D1 - IOD and G1 phase % or S phase % in the all of individual groups.

Bartkova J, Lukas J, Strauss M, Bartek J. Cyclin D1 oncoprotein aberrantly accumulates in malignancies of diverse histogenesis.

Image cytometry of Cyclin D1: a prognostic marker for head and neck squamous cell carcinomas.

This contradictory behavior explained that Cyclin D1 acts as a negative regulative protein under some conditions rather than a positive regulator in the cell cycle, i.e. the modest increase in Cyclin D1 expression could hasten the G1 phase while the overexpression may lead to block the progression through the S - phase [28, 29].

(A) Normal case: negative Cyclin D1 - immunostaining in the ductal epithelial cells, (B) Benign case: few nuclei with weak expression of Cyclin D1 of ductal epithelial cell, and negative one in stromal cells, (C) IDC GII case: a strong positive expression of Cyclin D1 in invasive ductal epithelial cells and stroma, (D) IDC GIII case: moderate positive expression of Cyclin D1 in trabeculae malignant cells, and absent in the vesiculated polymorphic nuclei.

This work was aimed to evaluate the prognostic role of Cyclin D1 in invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) and its correlation with other established prognostic parameters of breast cancer.

No significant correlation was observed between Cyclin D1 staining and S - phase % obtained by flow cytometry as illustrated in Table 5.

Immunohistochemical results revealed higher expression of Cyclin D1 in IDC comparing to normal and benign breast tissues.

Cyclin D1 and prognosis in human breast cancer.

The sections were incubated with primary antibody of Cyclin D1 (Genemed Biotechnologies company, South San Francisco, USA) at 4ºC overnight.

Immunohistochemical demonstration of Cyclin D1 have become an important mean for assessing cell proliferation, therefore the immunohistological demonstration of cell cycle related antigens such as CDKs which regulated by the different cyclins could provide a good tool for assessment of cellular proliferation [11].

For a good willing, the present study represented the major of malignant cases had expressed moderate / strong staining of Cyclin D1 in 70 % of studied cases.

Research Paper Immunohistochemical Expression of Cyclin D1 in Invasive Ductal Carcinoma of Human Breast Mahmoud Assem, Eman Ahmed Youssef, Radwa Mohammed Rashad, Mona Abdel - Hamed Yahia Oncomedicine 2017; 2: 80 - 87.

On the other hand, the present study declared that Cyclin D1 was statistically significant correlated with ER - positivity (P = 0.012), hence Cyclin D1 - staining in all malignant cases scored 66.7 % ER - positive versus to 33.3 % ER - negative.

These findings for scoring expression were agreed with Gillet et al., 1996 [24], who stated in their study that, moderate / strong staining of Cyclin D1 had a longer relapse - free survival than patients whose tumors stained weakly or negatively for Cyclin D1 with a great significant difference (P = 0.007).

SO, they had suggested the inhibition of cyclin Dl / CDK4 activity might be important in considering drugs of future therapies [25], also, they reported that Cyclin D1 was considered as a significant prognostic marker.

Sections from all cases were subjected to stain with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E) for histopathological examination and immunohistochemical technique for Cyclin D1 in addition using flow cytometric technique to perform cell cycle analysis.

Our suggestion was supported by the previous study, who stated that patients with higher Cyclin D1 expression had longer both overall survival and relapse - free survival [26].

In harmony to the present suggestion, the scoring and image cytometry evaluation using immunohistochemistry of Cyclin D1 protein marker stated that the variations of protein expression in tissue sections could yield prognostic information or could be useful in determining subtle effects of curative or prevention therapies [31].

Furthermore, there was a negative expression for Cyclin D1 protein in normal ductal epithelial cells, while the benign group revealed week positivity immunostaining Cyclin D1 in 60 %, whereas, the malignant group represented a variable positivity of immunostaining scores; they were classified as 3 (10 %) cases were weak, 9 (30 %) moderate cases and 12 (40 %) strong expression cases.

These finding were exactly in accordance with Gillet et al., 1996 [24], who stated that, Cyclin D1 staining did not appear to correlate with an increased S - phase fraction as judged by flow cytometry.

Partially antagonizing this inhibitory loop, leptin also upregulates AP - 1 gene expression, which promotes cyclin D1 expression, osteoblast proliferation, and bone formation.

The immunohistochemical staining appeared as brown staining granules in the nuclei as positive expression of Cyclin D1, while the nuclei having blue color indicated negative reaction.

The prognostic significance and value of Cyclin D1, CDK4 and p16 in human breast cancer.

Further studies of the Cyclin D1 protein on different cancer tissues are recommended.

Bilalović N, Vranić S, Basić H, Tatarević A, Selak I. Immunohistochemical evaluation of Cyclin D1 in breast cancer.

Therefore, this work would assess the prognostic role of the Cyclin D1 expression through immunohistochemical stain by Cyclin D1 protein scoring and quantitative value by image analysis (IOD).

Moreover, the tumors that did not stain for Cyclin D1 were predominantly ER - negative (83.3 %), adversely to that stained strong - positive for Cyclin D1 were predominantly ER - positive (91.7 %).

Lin chart illustrates the correlation between Cyclin D1 IOD in Grade III with percentage of apoptotic phase.

Cyclin D1 was statistically significantly correlated with ER - positivity (P = 0.012), hence there was 66.3 % of the all malignant cases were ER - positive compared to 33.3 % were ER - negative.

This result was agreed with several previous studies who stated that, Cyclin D1 showed nuclear and cytoplasmic staining and had an extensive range of intensities between different sections [22, 23].

Malignant cases of GII revealed strong positive expression of Cyclin D1 in invasive ductal epithelial cells and stroma, while negative stain was seen in the invader cells with vesicular polymorphic nuclei (Figure 2C).

The integrated optical density (IOD) of Cyclin D1 in normal, benign and IDC groups was analyzed.

It could be suggested that Cyclin D1 protein may be a valuable prognostic marker in IDC and can be targeted in the future therapeutic approaches.

Tobin NP, Lundgren KL, Conway C, Anagnostaki L, Costello S. Automated image analysis of Cyclin D1 protein expression in invasive lobular breast carcinoma provides independent prognostic information.

Cyclin D1 - levels varying throughout cell cycle, hence its expression in G1 phase increases in the cell that respond to enter a new cycle after receiving growth factor stimulation [8].

Other demonstration found that Cyclin D1 staining could provide significant prognostic information, under the experimental study modulation of MCF - 7 cell line growth rate by regulated overexpression or suppression of endogenous Cyclin D1 or CDK4 levels.