Sentences with phrase «dna epigenome»

Researchers in Keele University's Research Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine and at the Haywood Rheumatology Centre, in Staffordshire, UK, and the University Hospitals of North Midlands NHS Trust, have for the first time identified disease - associated changes to the DNA epigenome in joint fluid cells from patients with rheumatoid arthritis.

Not exact matches

While DNA and its 20,000 protein - coding genes can be thought of as static «hardware,» the epigenome is the «software» that coordinates its operation.

Although identical twins have the same genes as each other, their epigenomes — the collection of methyl marks studding their DNA — are different by the time they reach adulthood due in part to environmental factors.

Their work has made it increasingly clear that for all the popular attention devoted to genome - sequencing projects, the epigenome is just as critical as DNA to the healthy development of organisms, humans included.

Biologists now know that the genome sequence holds only a small part of the answer, and that key elements of development and disease are controlled by the epigenome — a set of chemical modifications, not encoded in DNA, that orchestrate how and when genes are expressed.

Those instructions are found not in the letters of the DNA itself but on it, in an array of chemical markers and switches, known collectively as the epigenome, that lie along the length of the double helix.

Think of the epigenome as a complex software code, capable of inducing the DNA hardware to manufacture an impressive variety of proteins, cell types, and individuals.

To make things more complex, there's the epigenome — the chemical modifications to DNA that help control which genes are turned on and off — and the transcriptome, the full range of RNAs that translate DNA's blueprints so they can be used to make proteins.

His laboratory develops and deploys new biochemical and computational methods in functional genomics, to elucidate the genetic basis of human disease and human physiology, and to create and deploy novel techniques in next - generation sequencing and algorithms for tumor evolution, genome evolution, DNA and RNA modifications, and genome / epigenome engineering.

If the genome and DNA are like computer hardware, as others have described it, the epigenome is like software, running programs telling genes what to do.

The research groups then examined the landscape of the pancreatic cancer epigenome using a combination of stains on patient tissues, direct examination of the proteins that wrap DNA and whole - genome sequencing of the detected epigenetic changes to map precisely where they were located.

In the last 15 years, researchers worldwide have generated a large amount of information about the epigenome: proteins, factors and epigenetic markers which, when bound to DNA, regulate gene expression.

«There are certain advantages to studying the epigenome, or the chemical changes that occur in DNA.

With the genome in hand they were in a better position to start evaluating the «epigenome,» chemical modifications to DNA that also affect how and when genes work.

Today, an article published in Cell by Manel Esteller, director of the Epigenetics and Cancer Biology Program of the Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBELL), ICREA researcher and Professor of Genetics at the University of Barcelona, describes the possible existence of a sixth DNA base, the methyl - adenine (mA), which also help determine the epigenome and would therefore be key in the life of the cells.

New research describes the possible existence of a sixth DNA base, the methyl - adenine (mA), which also help determine the epigenome and would therefore be key in the life of the cells.

Not only were levels of metabolic compounds different, but the expression of certain genes involved in metabolism was turned up, and the epigenome of the cells — molecular markers on DNA that change gene expression on a broader scale — was altered.

The NIH Roadmap Epigenomics Consortium has just published the largest collection of epigenomes characterized to date: 111 primary human tissues and cells profiled for histone modification patterns, DNA accessibility, DNA methylation, and gene expression.

Specifically, they analyzed the tumors» epigenome, an array of molecules that covers the surface of DNA and helps regulate gene activity, acting like a control switch to decide which genes are active or inactive in the cell.

Members of the TET family of enzymes help rewrite the epigenome, the regulatory layer of chemical modifications that sits atop the genome and helps determine gene activity without changing the letters of DNA.

DNA methylation analysis of multiple tissues from newborn twins reveals both genetic and intrauterine components to variation in the human neonatal epigenome

The current report, which appears in the May 4, 2012 issue of the journal Cell Stem Cell, shows that these cells can also change their epigenomes, the patterns of DNA modifications that regulate the activity of specific genes — sometimes radically.

The epigenome — defined by an ever - expanding list of modifications to DNA and the proteins that interact with it — determines which genes are dialed up or down and gives each cell type its unique personality.

According to research from the Human Genome Project1, the DNA of all the people in the world is 99.9 % alike, and it is the epigenome that makes us all so different.