Phenotype studies of
the DRD4 gene polymorphisms in ADHD: association with oppositional defiant disorder and positive family history
Transmission disequilibrium tests confirm the link between
DRD4 gene polymorphism and infant attachment.
Not exact matches
The 48 - letter
polymorphism has been the focus of virtually all ADHD association studies in recent years, and those results are the reason
DRD4 is generally considered to be a susceptibility
gene for ADHD.
As they pointed out, the repeat occurs in a region of
DRD4 associated with
gene activity, so the 120/240
polymorphism may have a functional effect on the dopamine receptor.
To explore the possibility of common genetic pathways within the respective pathophysiologies, nine ADHD candidate single nucleotide
polymorphisms (SNPs) in seven
genes were tested for association with PD in 5333 cases and 12,019 healthy controls: one variant, respectively, in the
genes coding for synaptosomal - associated protein 25 k (SNAP25), the dopamine (DA) transporter (SLC6A3; DAT1), DA receptor D4 (
DRD4), serotonin receptor 1B (HTR1B), tryptophan hydroxylase 2 (TPH2), the norepinephrine transporter SLC6A2 and three SNPs in cadherin 13 (CDH13).
This study analyzes the correlates of two genetic
polymorphisms, the TaqI A
polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D2 (DRD2)
gene and the 48 base pair (bp) repeat
polymorphism in the dopamine receptor D4 (
DRD4)
gene.
DRD4 and TH
gene polymorphisms are associated with activity, impulsivity, and inattention in Siberian Husky dogs.
Dopamine D4 receptor (
DRD4)
gene polymorphism is associated with attachment disorganization in infants
The
DRD4 polymorphism is one of the most promising candidate
genes to many behavioral, psychiatric, and neuropsychological disorders [32].
This investigation examined the extent to which
polymorphisms of the serotonin transporter linked promoter region (5 - HTTLPR) and the dopamine receptor D4 (
DRD4)
genes differentially influenced the development of attachment security and disorganization in maltreated and nonmaltreated infants at age 13 months, and the extent to which the efficacy of preventive interventions to promote attachment security were influenced by genetic variation.
Allele association studies have linked the 48 bp repeat
polymorphism of the
DRD4 gene with normal variations of neonatal, infant, and adult temperament [85], but also with clinical hyperactivity (ADHD)[93, 94].
Related to this question, recent research suggests that particular
polymorphisms, often those linked to risk for pathology, make the individual more susceptible to be influenced by parenting and other experiences.24 - 26 For example, children carrying the 7 - repeat variation of the
DRD4 appear to benefit more from interventions directed to prevent behaviour problems than those carrying other variations of the
gene.24 Nonetheless, further research is needed on how and to what extent EC skills may be influenced by the interplay between constitution and experience.