Different plankton populations living at different places in the ocean.
The expedition, called Tara Oceans, has yielded about 1.5 million
different plankton taxa, based on an initial preliminary analysis of samples.
Do you get
a different plankton bloom if you exactly mimic Mother Nature than if you exactly mimic some supplier of agricultural chemicals?
Not exact matches
Painting roofs white, he says, is a much
different approach than spilling iron into the ocean to encourage
plankton blooms (which soak up carbon dioxide).
One reason is that the nutrients and
plankton in the waters of the Great Lakes are not merely limited, they are crashing, due to a
different exotic species, the zebra mussel, and its cousin, the quagga mussel, two invaders that stowed on ships from Europe in the 1980s.
The
plankton incorporate
different forms of boron into their shells, depending on the seawater's acidity, so each shell serves as a chemical record of the ocean's pH during its occupant's brief life.
Digging through metres of ocean mud from depths of 3,800 metres, the team studied the dissolution of fossil
plankton shells that was closely linked to the chemical signature of
different water masses.
This approach is not ideal, however, because Antarctic sediments contain both marine
plankton and land - derived organic matter of vastly
different ages.
«
Different teams investigate the development and productivity of the
plankton community, changes in the food web, in the material and energy cycles and in the production of climate - active gases», Riebesell describes the wide range of scientific questions addressed in this mesocosm campaign.
Scientists of GEOMAR Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel used so - called «indoor mesocosms» to mimic the future ocean in their laboratories: They transferred the natural
plankton community from the Kiel Fjord into twelve 1400 - liter tanks and brought them to two
different temperatures and two
different carbon dioxide concentrations.
«While many branching corals dominate under normal pH conditions offering ample hiding space for the
different species of zooplankton, ocean acidification shifts the community to large, massive bouldering corals, which offer the reef - associated
plankton little opportunity for hiding».
In this study we combined results from various in - situ mesocosm studies in two
different ocean regions (Arctic and temperate waters) to reveal general patterns of
plankton community shifts in response to OA and how these changes are modulated by inorganic nutrient availability.
We will enclose in these mesocosms all the organisms that live in the sea water, including bacteria and
plankton and will subject each bag to a
different CO2 level in order to mimic what will happen up to 2100.
The Lund University researchers studied how nanoplastics may be transported through
different organisms in the aquatic ecosystem, i.e. via algae and animal
plankton to larger fish.
Or an American history teacher could take a class in identifying
different kinds of
plankton and also get a bump in pay.
Could there be something
different about the local source material — ocean
plankton producing one kind of sediment exposed to the atmosphere, versus say peat bogs or coal seams being washed out upstream and delivering locally derived material directly to the sediment beds?
We don't have good information on the base of the food chain for most of the past — that's just «noise» but now that we start having ways to track trends in primary productivity — what's being made out of sunlight, water and CO2, by which organisms, and how fast do their populations change (remembering that some
plankton populations turn over a new generation in a couple of weeks so relative numbers of
different species can change that fast across the oceans).
They can cause an animal to starve or stop eating, or can actually loop around the organ... So you could say a whale with a big rope isn't that
different from
plankton with a small fiber.»
[UPDATE: An Australian company with a
different technique for boosting
plankton growth — adding urea to the sea — has evidently gained permission from the Philippines to do a field test in the Sulu Sea, raising objections from some private groups and bloggers.]
There does need to be more study to identify exactly how much carbon dioxide is actually sequestered in the bottom of the ocean, but the use of iron as a fertilizer in naturally barren areas of the ocean to induce
plankton blooms is no
different from what mankind has been doing for thousands of yeas — albeit on the ocean versus on land.
Adding iron to the ocean can cause a
plankton bloom that will consume other nutrients like phosphate that could have been used later in a
different place by other
plankton.
His position: • No evidence of increasing lake clarity as a result of secchi measurements since 1946 • The interplay of stratification and
plankton productivity are not «straightforward» • Challenges O'Reilly's assumption on the correlation of wind and productivity - the highest production is on the end of the lake with the lowest winds • A strong caution using diatoms as the productivity proxy (it is one of two
different lake modes) • No ability to link climate change to productivity changes • More productivity from river than allowed for in Nature Geopscience article • Externally derived nutrients control productivity for a quarter of the year • Strong indications of overfishing • No evidence of a climate and fishery production link • The current productivity of the lake is within the expected range • Doesn't challenge recent temp increase but cites temperature records do not show a temperature rise in the last century • Phytoplankton chlorophylla seems to have not materially changed from the 1970s to 1990s • Disputes O'Reilly's and Verbug's claims of increased warming and decreased productivity • Rejects Verburgs contention that changes in phytoplankton biomass (biovolume), in dissolved silica and in transparency support the idea of declining productivity.
The same way the climate would be
different without
plankton.
A dozen early experiments in
different regions have shown that
plankton growth increases when iron is artificially added, but scientists have yet to show that this could lock significant amounts of CO2 into the ocean; carbon from the plants would have to sink to the bottom for this to happen.