Sentences with phrase «direct model simulations»

Direct model simulations of hurricane activity under climate change scenarios offer another perspective on the problem.

Not exact matches

This is because, although direct effects are typically understood and easily reproducible in models, simulations of indirect effects are far more challenging and difficult to quantify.»

For these comparative studies I applied both simple model calculations and massive three - dimensional direct numerical simulations on supercomputers.

The small - scale processes giving rise to thunderstorms make their direct simulation in climate models impossible given current computing power.

They hope to publicly release the new simulation model — based on a direct version of a kinetic Monte Carlo simulation where reaction channels are predicted automatically on the fly as the growth process proceeds — in 2015.

The direct microscopic modelling of the system, by extensive computer simulations, has confirmed the existence of this surprising regime and other predictions of the theory.

The Southampton research team, led by Richard Sandberg, Professor of Fluid Dynamics and Aeroacoustics, and including Dr Andrew Wheeler and Professor Neil Sandham, has identified that Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS), a model - free approach based on first principles (no assumptions or modelling are used) can help to develop an improved understanding of the role of turbulent phenomena in the flow - field and determine the validity of current turbulence modelling.

«Astronomical surveys from space telescopes like Planck or Hubble observe a large segment of the visible universe while sophisticated simulations so far could only model very small parts of the universe, making a direct comparison virtually impossible,» says Klaus Dolag.

Onuchic and his team integrated its direct coupling analysis (DCA) method based on genomic databases with structure - based models (SBM) of proteins to produce simulations of how proteins progress through different functional states.

One possible solution, which our team has recently demonstrated for III - V photoelectrodes, is to model speciation of interfacial reaction products by coupling ambient - pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments to direct simulations of XPS based on model interfaces from ab initio molecular dynamics.

The mesoscale models are based on a continuum description rather than an atomistic description, and therefore rely on effective parameters rather than direct simulation of chemical pathways.

(Brown and Batygin figured out that it probably exists by using mathematical modeling and computer simulations, not direct observation.)

But models are not tuned to the trends in surface temperature, and as Gavin noted before (at least for the GISS model), the aerosol amounts are derived from simulations using emissions data and direct effects determined by changes in concentrations.

http://journals.ametsoc.org/doi/abs/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0628.1 In our discussion exploring the (very minor) differences in results when using different datasets we said: - «Dataset creation approaches that infill missing data areas may give overconfidence to climate changes in regions where there are no direct measurements, when compared with model simulations that have data in those regions.»

Direct comparison of the radiances predicted by the model to those observed by AIRS in the thermal spectral regions dominated by water vapor absorption provides a means of assessing the simulation of water vapor in the climate model at the high level of detail provided by spectral measurements.

The most popular observationally - constrained method of estimating climate sensitivity involves comparing data whose relation to S is too complex to permit direct estimation, such as temperatures over a spatio - temporal grid, with simulations thereof by a simplified climate model that has adjustable parameters for setting S and other key climate properties.

As computational power advances, the direct simulation of cloud processes within climate change models is on the horizon.

Fred, I completely disagree about the relative strength of evidence as to climate sensitivity from simulations by AOCGMs (Chapter 8 of WG1 «Climate Models and Their Evaluation») and from observational evidence that is either direct or intermediated through simple Energy Balance Models.

Judith, is the distinction Nic makes above between evidence for climate sensitivity «from simulations by AOCGMs... and from observational evidence that is either direct or intermediated through simple Energy Balance Models» relevant to this «structural uncertainty»?

We constrained these five parameters with five «observations» (either direct, or based on more complex model simulations).

Model simulations of the Asian monsoon project that the sulphate aerosols» direct effect reduces the magnitude of precipitation change compared with the case of only greenhouse gas increases (Emori et al., 1999; Roeckner et al., 1999; Lal and Singh, 2001).

[*] You had said: «is based purely on observational evidence, with no dependence on any climate model simulations... to obtain a direct measure of the overall climate response or feedback parameter... Measuring radiative flux imbalances provides a direct measure of Y, and hence of S, unlike other ways of diagnosing climate sensitivity.»

The only direct real - world inputs to these models, in a climate change simulation context, are changes in atmospheric chemistry and composition (such as increasing greenhouse gases, or changing volcanic aerosols) and changes in solar radiation.

Koch, D., D. Jacob, I. Tegen, D. Rind, and M. Chin, 1999: Tropospheric sulfur simulation and sulfate direct radiative forcing in the Goddard Institute for Space Studies general circulation model.

The direct radiative forcing for sulphate aerosol derived from models published since the TAR and from the AeroCom simulations where different models used identical emissions.

The simulations performed with and without the direct sulphate effect (GS and G, respectively) with the same model are more similar to each other than to the other models, indicating that the individual response characteristics of the various models are dominating the response pattern rather than differences in the forcing.

Using sophisticated antenna simulation software, analyzers and test equipment usually reserved for military applications; Antennas Direct is creating antenna designs that are 2 - 10 times more powerful than the models currently sold in big box retail outlets.