Sentences with phrase «duration of breastfeeding after»

Not exact matches

Of concern, many residents both before and after the intervention disagreed with the statement that early supplementation is a cause of breastfeeding failure, although previous studies have clearly demonstrated this relationship.22, 23 This misconception will need to be corrected to maximize success and prolong duration of breastfeedinOf concern, many residents both before and after the intervention disagreed with the statement that early supplementation is a cause of breastfeeding failure, although previous studies have clearly demonstrated this relationship.22, 23 This misconception will need to be corrected to maximize success and prolong duration of breastfeedinof breastfeeding failure, although previous studies have clearly demonstrated this relationship.22, 23 This misconception will need to be corrected to maximize success and prolong duration of breastfeedinof breastfeeding.

Some of the ways that mothers describe their children after breastfeeding for a longer duration of time are healthy, happy, loving, secure, and independent.

On the evidence side, I know that the evidence primarily comes from observational studies, and there are methodological issues with measuring dose and duration of breastfeeding particularly after the introduction of complementary foods, however the evidence is fairly consistent in showing a reduction in gastrointestinal, respiratory and ear infections (see «Breastfeeding and maternal and infant outcomes in developed countries» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmbreastfeeding particularly after the introduction of complementary foods, however the evidence is fairly consistent in showing a reduction in gastrointestinal, respiratory and ear infections (see «Breastfeeding and maternal and infant outcomes in developed countries» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmBreastfeeding and maternal and infant outcomes in developed countries» http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17764214).

«In the subgroup of women with spontaneous onset of labour and vaginal deliveries, after controlling for other obstetric and demographic factors, epidural analgesia but not narcotic analgesia was significantly associated with reduced breastfeeding duration (adjusted hazard ratio 1.44, 95 % confidence interval 1.04 - 1.99).»

After each nursing session, you will receive a detailed report, including the quantities of milk drunk from each side and the duration of each breastfeeding session.

The authors describe how 90 % of mothers initiate breastfeeding at birth, yet very quickly after hospital discharge these rates fall and neither exclusive breastfeeding, nor duration, come close to the WHO / UNICEF infant feeding recommendations.

Although not directly comparable, our findings are in broad agreement with those from routine data in Scotland that have indicated a positive association between Baby Friendly accreditation, but not certification, and breastfeeding at 1 week of age.17 Our findings reinforce those of Coutinho and colleagues who reported that high exclusive breastfeeding rates achieved in Brazilian hospitals implementing staff training with the course content of the Baby Friendly Hospital Initiative were short - lived and not sustained at home unless implemented in combination with post-natal home visits.35 Similarly in Italy, training of staff with an adapted version of the Baby Friendly course content resulted in high breastfeeding rates at discharge, with a rapid decrease in the days after leaving hospital.36 In contrast, a cluster randomized trial in Belarus (PROBIT) found an association between an intervention modelled on the Baby Friendly Initiative with an increased duration of breastfeeding37 an association also reported from an observational study in Germany.38 Mothers in Belarus stay in hospital post-partum for 6 — 7 days, and in Germany for 5 days, with post-natal support likely to be particularly important in countries where mothers stay in the hospital for a shorter time, with early discharge likely to limit the influence of a hospital - based intervention.

However, even after control for confounding and selection factors associated with infant feeding practices, increasing duration of breastfeeding was associated with small but significant increases in scores on standardized tests of ability and achievement, teacher ratings of classroom performance, and greater success at high school.

Information on socioeconomic background, maternal diseases and obstetric history, parity, gender, fetal exposure to alcohol (at least 2 drinks a week during the entire pregnancy) and cigarette smoking (at least 1 cigarette a day during the last trimester), type and duration of breastfeeding, and maternal intelligence (Raven Progressive Matrices) was obtained through questionnaires administered in person after delivery and at 13 months.

Several studies have also attempted to understand the role of breastfeeding on IQ, and although some authors conclude that the observed advantage of breastfeeding on IQ is related only to genetic and socioenvironmental factors, a recent meta - analysis showed that after adjustment for appropriate key co-factors, breastfeeding was associated with significantly higher scores for cognitive development than formula feeding.6 Longer duration of breastfeeding has also been positively associated with intelligence in adulthood.22 We also observed the benefits of long - term breastfeeding on mental indices, along with the indirect benefit of balancing the impact of exposure to p, p ′ DDE after adjustment for some socioeconomic variables.

Afterwards, the women received an educational booklet on the intervention, in Arabic and French, containing illustrations and information on: the benefits of breast milk, the importance of skin - to - skin contact immediately after birth, the importance of early breastfeeding and giving colostrum to the baby, the criteria of good positioning for corrective breast - taking, the signs of effective suckling, the signs of effective breastfeeding for the first six months, on - demand breastfeeding and its daily frequency, breastfeeding accessories, techniques for collecting and storing breast milk, and questions and answers about different maternal concerns (depression, hygiene, nipple pain, quantity of milk produced, duration and number of feedings, mixed feeding, diet to be followed during breastfeeding, mothers» illness and breastfeeding, weaning of the baby, etc..)

Moreover, data for exposures in almost all studies were based only on maternal recall, sometimes some years after the exposures, although studies have shown that mothers remember breastfeeding durations many years after breastfeeding has stopped.55 - 57 Furthermore, research shows that mothers of sick children sometimes remember early exposures of their children in greater detail compared with mothers of healthy children, especially when the exposures are publicly perceived to be associated with the outcome studied.

One research summary found that after reviewing all available studies regarding the outcomes of using IBCLCs, mothers who had higher breastfeeding initiation rates, a longer duration of exclusive breastfeeding, a longer duration of any breastfeeding, higher breastfeeding rates for all infant age groups, AND better maternal and infant health outcomes as compared to those who didn't seek out IBCLC support (5).

Under the Affordable Care Act, your Health Insurance Plans must provide breastfeeding support, counseling, and equipment coverage such as the rental or cost of a new breast pump without copays for the duration of breastfeeding (before and after you have your baby).

In general, the results suggest that after adjustment for confounding, there were small but consistent tendencies for increasing duration of breastfeeding to be associated with increased IQ, increased performance on standardized tests, higher teacher ratings of classroom performance, and better high school achievement.

Associations Between Duration of Breastfeeding and Measures of Cognitive Ability, Teacher Ratings of School Performance, Standardized Tests of Achievement, and High School Success After Adjustment for Covariates

In addition, there was no effect on breastfeeding duration when the pacifier was introduced at 1 month of age.280 A more recent systematic review found that the highest level of evidence (ie, from clinical trials) does not support an adverse relationship between pacifier use and breastfeeding duration or exclusivity.281 The association between shortened duration of breastfeeding and pacifier use in observational studies likely reflects a number of complex factors such as breastfeeding difficulties or intent to wean.281 A large multicenter, randomized controlled trial of 1021 mothers who were highly motivated to breastfeed were assigned to 2 groups: mothers advised to offer a pacifier after 15 days and mothers advised not to offer a pacifier.

Although some SIDS experts and policy - makers endorse pacifier use recommendations that are similar to those of the AAP, 272,273 concerns about possible deleterious effects of pacifier use have prevented others from making a recommendation for pacifier use as a risk reduction strategy.274 Although several observational studies275, — , 277 have found a correlation between pacifiers and reduced breastfeeding duration, the results of well - designed randomized clinical trials indicated that pacifiers do not seem to cause shortened breastfeeding duration for term and preterm infants.278, 279 The authors of 1 study reported a small deleterious effect of early pacifier introduction (2 — 5 days after birth) on exclusive breastfeeding at 1 month of age and on overall breastfeeding duration (defined as any breastfeeding), but early pacifier use did not adversely affect exclusive breastfeeding duration.

However, in malnourished populations motor development may be a useful predictor of subsequent human function.5 A study conducted in Denmark6 found a positive relationship between breastfeeding duration and an earlier ability to crawl and perform the «pincer grip» after adjusting for potential confounding variables.

In with respect to the quality of mother - infant relations, a prospective longitudinal study of around 1000 young New Zealanders found a small but significant association between breastfeeding duration and adolescents» perceptions of maternal care, with a longer duration of breastfeeding being associated with increased adolescent perceptions of maternal nurturance.9 This association persisted after statistical control for a wide range of the selection factors noted above.

Even after controlling for socioeconomic and demographic differences, immigrant women have higher rates of initiation and duration of breastfeeding than women born in the United States (18).

Although reporting of ever having been breastfed after up to 20 years is highly correlated with obstetric records (50), breastfeeding duration may be remembered less accurately (51).

The study revealed a significant association between duration of breastfeeding and reduced risk of diabetes, even after all other possible risk factors were accounted for.

The most recent follow - up study reported associations between duration of breastfeeding and childhood cognitive ability and academic achievement extending from 8 to 18 years in a New Zealand cohort of 1000 children.19 This study found that these effects were significant after controlling for measures of social and family history, including maternal age, education, SES, marital status, smoking during pregnancy, family living conditions, and family income, and measures of perinatal factors, including gender, birth weight, child's estimated gestational age, and birth order in the family.