Not exact matches
During the past year, Bonnie Mackintosh has been conducting
classroom - level
observations and child assessments in community - based preschool programs throughout Boston's Circle
of Promise and East Boston neighborhoods as part
of an initiative to improve access to high - quality early childhood care and educational programs.
In sum, the use
of teacher - collected video in
classroom observations did seem to improve the
classroom observation process along a number
of dimensions: it boosted teachers» perception
of fairness
of classroom observations, reduced teacher defensiveness
during post-
observation conferences, led to greater self - perception
of the need for behavior change and allowed administrators to time - shift
observation duties to quieter times
of the day or week.
The department should specify that a probationary teacher is «ineffective»
during their fourth year
of teaching if: (i) a teacher's average student achievement gain
during their second through fourth year
of teaching falls below that
of the average first - year teacher in their district or (ii) the
classroom observations done by external observers
during their second through fourth year
of teaching falls below that
of the average first - year teacher.
The post-assessment indicates that the course led to significant increases in preservice teachers»
observation skills, particularly in teachers» ability to notice features
of the
classroom environment, mathematical content
of a lesson, and teacher and student communication
during a lesson.
At the end
of each five - minute segment
during the
classroom observations, observers coded instances
of interactions observed
during that segment, using these categories: coaching / scaffolding, modeling, engaging students in recitation, engaging students in discussion, explaining how to do something, or telling students information.
We trained ourselves as observers to reliably document instruction in the lessons we observed based on our modification
of Newmann «s assessment
of authentic instruction.313 We recorded what we saw and heard on an
observation form that included two main sections: 1) basic information about the context, details
of the lesson, how class time was used, how students were organized for instruction and learning, the kinds
of technology used
during the lesson, and a description
of any positive or negative features in the
classroom; and 2) assessments
of instruction using four
of Newmann's five standards
of authentic instruction: higher order thinking, deep knowledge, substantive conversation, and connection to the world beyond the
classroom.
During the first semester, students complete 75 hours
of classroom observation.
Beginning in December, a member
of our team conducted a one - hour
observation of instruction
during the basic reading program in every
classroom once a month for five months.
During whole group professional learning sessions we addressed areas of need as observed during our classroom observa
During whole group professional learning sessions we addressed areas
of need as observed
during our classroom observa
during our
classroom observations.
A few years ago, after a number
of professional learning experiences on the topic
of assessment, several principals in my district asked how they might recognize strong assessment when they saw it
during classroom observations or walkthroughs.
While Jenny reported confidence in skills such as saving files, moving files, and downloading images, it became apparent
during classroom observations that even these skills required instruction and continued practice with the guidance
of the researchers throughout the course
of the project.
Teachers are heavily influenced by their years
of experience in schools and
classrooms during their «apprenticeship
of observation» (Lortie, 1975).
During the
classroom observations, IDRA representatives reported that each teacher knew the exact status (task and skill level)
of every student.
Based on
classroom observations during the first few days
of class, students as a whole seemed comfortable with technology, in general, and one was already using handheld technology (a Palm OS device).
Ann Schulte, associate professor at California State University, Chico, says that preparation programs should be focused on working with and assessing teacher candidates in the field, so they receive frequent
observations and feedback
during their student teaching experiences from someone with extensive knowledge
of their abilities and
classrooms.
Local educators say they chose the D.C.
observation method — essentially a list
of standards that teachers must demonstrate
during a
classroom observation, such as promoting critical thinking among students or managing
classroom behavior — after looking closely at three different options.
The number
of standards on which teachers are measured
during a
classroom observation was reduced to 18 because teachers found a checklist
of 22 indicators too long and confusing.
For summative assessment,
classroom observations are used to gain insight into changes in teaching strategies, types
of innovative technology used in
classrooms, and overall effectiveness
of lessons for engaging students
during science inquiry.
One
of the key areas
of congruence throughout the state data from Florida, Tennessee, and Georgia is the generally high scores given to teachers
during classroom observations, a finding that comes right as new research is revealing clues about the properties
of such
observations and how they are shaped by the norms within schools.
The impacts on teacher effectiveness and placement are inconclusive
during the first couple
of years
of study; however, majorities
of teachers have indicated that the feedback they received, especially from
classroom observations, has prompted them to make changes in their practice.
During multiple
observations, teacher candidates in these programs have the opportunity to develop and demonstrate their skills and ability to drive student learning, build relationships with students and colleagues, and manage
classroom behavior in real school environments.11 Research suggests that the selection and preparation
of mentor teachers is an especially important component
of successful clinical residencies.12
In order to establish triangulation (Patton, 2002), multiple sources
of data were collected:
classroom observations, individual interviews with each teacher, and member checking
of the data
during the data collection.
The teacher leaders developed sustainable methods
of communicating with their teams three times over the course
of a month: 1) midway through the month, the teacher leaders hand back to their site colleagues copies
of the reflections they wrote at the last meeting and the plans they chose to implement
during the month; 2) Co-principal Maria Carriedo sends an email to all the teachers a week before each meeting to remind them to bring their
observations of their focal students; 3) teachers make notes to themselves, in a simple chart form, about the interventions and behaviors they plan to track and keep these on their
classroom walls as an easy way to document their focal students» progress.
Rather, it unfolds over time
during the some 13,000 hours that students spend in contact with
classroom teachers from Kindergarten to 12th grade, a period that Dan Lortie called the «apprenticeship
of observation» in his 1975 work, Schoolteacher: A Sociological Study.
The state requires that each local school system design a program incorporating components established by the state, including: an orientation program for new teachers prior to the start
of the school year, mentor support such as regularly scheduled meetings
during non-instructional time, opportunities for new teachers to observe and co-teach with skilled teachers with follow - up discussion
of the experiences, ongoing professional learning activities, and ongoing formative review
of new teacher performance such as
classroom observation.
The reality
of classroom life is often far different than what goes on
during a formal
observation.
Our results thus provided suggestive evidence that the strength
of the relationship between teachers»
classroom observation scores and their students» test performance may in part be attributable to the sensitivity
of the skills assessed
during observation to those assessed on the test.
Concerning
classroom implementation, ratings were gathered through
classroom observations of 11
of the 12 implementing teachers
during their final implementation year using the
observation rubric.
• Assist lead teachers in planning, designing and implementing curriculum • Provide assistance in preparing lesson plans • Impart
classroom instruction in accordance to lesson plans • Supervise and control students
during class and when the lead teacher is not present • Assist students with carrying out
classroom activities • Assist students
during lunch time • Observe students for developmental issues and communicate findings to lead teachers • Implement age appropriate activities and monitor safety throughout • Research information for lesson development • Communicate progress and
observations to parents • Maintain student records and perform other clerical tasks • Help in maintaining a clean and organized
classroom • Ensure sanitation
of all surfaces, equipment and toys • Assist students in social skills development • Assist in putting up bulletins • Accompany young students to the bathroom • Take attendance and make copies
of tests • Assist in grading test papers and exams • Assist in checking work books and homework • Operate equipment such as projectors and computers for instructional purposes • Maintain appropriate
classroom discipline and decorum • Prepare and distribute worksheets • Ensure that students retain information by repeating information constantly and practicing patience • Deliver instruction in the absence
of lead teacher • Perform hall and bus duty as instructed by the lead teacher
Monitor students on playgrounds, in
classrooms, hallways, restrooms, and cafeteria
during recess and lunch periods, and in bus loading areas before and after school, to assist students in their activities, ensure proper behavior, and
observation of safety rules.
The
Classroom Rating Form completed
during 30 - minute
observations by impartial raters on items such as child's level
of disruption, ability to handle
classroom transitions, ability to follow rules, and ability to express feelings.
In another study,
observations of peer victimization
during class time predicted restricted growth within one academic year on students» state - based standardized reading achievement test scores, after statistical control
of their previous reading achievement test scores, ADHD symptom severity, and ability grouping (i.e., tracking) in their
classroom [30].