Sentences with phrase «during differentiation of»

For example, the expression of BMP - Smad signaling pathway components is low during differentiation of mDA neurons from their VM neural precursors in vivo (E10 — E12), yet after this period, these subsequently increase in expression and play a functional role in mDA neuronal outgrowth (E1 — E18)[37].

VASA expression increased during the differentiation of monkey ES cells, indicating that these cells have the ability to differentiate into a germ cell lineage in vitro.

Endogenous optical signals reveal changes of elastin and collagen organization during differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells.

Expression of MyoD, a skeletal muscle - specific transcriptional regulator, activated the expression of the Cdk inhibitor p21 during differentiation of murine myocytes and in nonmyogenic cells.

«We also think this method could be applied towards the development of culture conditions during differentiation of human stem cells.

Not exact matches

Her positive relationship with food strayed off course during adolescence because of the mixed messages regarding nutrition, the differentiation between «good» and «bad» foods, and diet culture.

This differentiation may become obvious with the first appearance of colostrum during the secretory development phase in the second half of gestation.

SHEILA GROVE: I love the way the Gina described it because she was kind of able to vocalize some of the differentiation that we initial feel during the breastfeeding.

Decreased IGF type 1 receptor signaling in mammary epithelium during pregnancy leads to reduced proliferation, alveolar differentiation, and expression of insulin receptor substrate (IRS)-1 and IRS - 2.

Stage I lactogenesis, or secretory initiation, occurs during pregnancy and is defined by the differentiation of mammary alveolar epithelial cells into specialized secretory cells, termed lactocytes (1).

All the interdisciplinary skills and knowledge he had gathered during his scientific training — which had covered biochemistry, biotechnology, biomaterials, and stem cell biology — put him «in a very advantageous position to address this question» of how to develop nanoparticles that could modulate stem cell differentiation on demand, he says.

Up until now, however, it has been unclear what comes first during cardiomyocyte differentiation: the reorganization of the DNA's folding in the cellular nucleus or the DNA's methylation — and whether these mechanisms are dependent on one another.

It has been particularly difficult to measure changes in electrical functions of cells grown within Organ Chips that are normally electrically active, such as neuronal cells in the brain or beating heart cells, both during their differentiation and in response to drugs.

The study focuses on «stemness,» defined as the potential for self - renewal and differentiation from the cell of origin, and on «stemness indices» developed during postdoctoral research conducted by Tathiane Malta as part of a project supported by FAPESP and with Houtan Noushmehr, a professor in FMRP - USP's Genetics Department, as principal investigator.

Immunoglobulin K genes are constructed during lymphocyte differentiation by the joining of two DNA elements, VK and JK, to form both a VKJK coding unit and a reciprocal recombination product.

More importantly, the fibronectin part of the complex is expressed during a cell's transition to cancer and plays a role in cell growth, migration and differentiation.

The scientists conclude that the study reveals an essential function for CTCF in the orchestration of transcriptional changes during the terminal differentiation of B lymphocytes and advances understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the immune response.

The lack of genetic differentiation (aside from the Caprivi Strip) is consistent with historical evidence of elephant movements during the Namibian War of Independence, which increased hunting pressures.

The completion of differentiation correlated with less aberrant methylation during the reprogramming process.

Their findings outlined four distinct cellular phases of sperm stem cells maturation, revealing how the stem cells progress from a «quiescent» state, to a «proliferation» state during which stem cells divide, to a final «differentiation» state when stem cells mature to become sperm.

In the case of planarians, the gene egr - 4 seems to perform an early control of cell proliferation as a response to amputation, and be involved later in the early differentiation of brain during regeneration.

One of the key metabolic alterations that takes place during EMT is that of the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) which is a pathway that regulates growth, survival, proliferation, and differentiation in mammalian cells.

The authors uncover the cellular and molecular mechanisms, as well as the gene network regulated by Sox9 during the early steps of skin tumor initiation and demonstrates that Sox9 controls the long term maintenance and expansion of oncogene expressing cells by promoting self - renewing division and inhibiting differentiation.

The RNAs of enhancers are expressed before the genes they regulate during human and mouse cell differentiation.

Seeking fresh sources, they looked for cells that express the gene neurogenin 3, a potential sign of cell differentiation because it is the first gene to only switch on in pancreatic islets during embryonic development.

The team identified 29,857 regions on the genome that respond to regulatory proteins and then tracked levels of activity at six instances during the differentiation.

Using ES cells developed at Kyoto University's Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, the research group collected RNA and histones of each cell immediately after VEGF stimulation (0 h), before differentiation (6 h), during differentiation (12 — 24 h), and after differentiation (48 h).

However, malformation of skeletal bones during embryogenesis also occurs in FOP patients and illustrates that the underlying genetic mutation occurs in a gene with functional importance in regulating chondro - osseous differentiation during embryonic skeletal development as well as in adult musculoskeletal tissues.

«We found that IL - 34 is an essential growth factor for the differentiation of Langerhans cells and microglia during embryonic development,» says senior author Marco Colonna, MD, professor of medicine and of pathology and immunology.

Differential regulation of the a (2) b (1) and a (IIb) b (3) integrin genes during megakaryocytic differentiation of pluripotent K562 leukemia cells.

The scientists used diffusion maps — a basic way to order snapshots of single cells along their developmental journey — but they plan to study developmental trajectories using a new algorithm called Wishbone, which uses single - cell RNA sequencing and mass cytometry data to specifically model branching steps during cell differentiation (Nat Biotechnol, 34:637 - 45, 2016).

We notably follow the time course of structural changes in response to cues that affect gene expression either transiently or permanently: changes in genome structure during transient hormonal response of differentiated cells and stable trans - differentiation of B cells to macrophages.

Regulation of a2 integrin gene espression during megakaryocte differentiation: A common theme of three necessary elements for megakaryocyte - specific, developmentally regulated gene expression.

In parallel, the roles of symmetric and asymmetric cell divisions are investigated as a mechanism for governing stem cell self - renewal and differentiation during embryonic development and in the adult.

Highly Synchronized Expression of Lineage - Specific Genes during In Vitro Hepatic Differentiation of Human Pluripotent Stem Cell Lines.

In addition to p53, there are other transcriptional activatory mechanisms that are not well understood for the most part and which operate in response to mitogenic stimulation (11, 12), transforming growth factor - β (13, 14, 15), and aberrant oncogenic signals (16, 17) or during a number of cell differentiation processes (18, 19).

Reorganization of the interchromosomal network during keratinocyte differentiation.

A map of different cellular populations during motor neuron differentiation.

TTD - specific cutaneous and anaemic features, on the other hand, are thought to result from a specific kind of transcriptional insufficiency caused by depletion of unstable TFIIH during the terminal differentiation of skin, hair - shaft, and blood cells [16,24].

Conrad Hal Waddington coined a classical metaphor for the process of cell differentiation during development: An epigenetic landscape characterized by valleys of different levels, and hills to separate them.

Expression patterns of DLK1 and INSL3 identify stages of Leydig cell differentiation during normal development and in testicular pathologies, including testicular cancer and Klinefelter syndrome.

During embryonic development, neurogenesis proceeds maintaining a fine balance between mechanisms that support self renewal of undifferentiated radial progenitors and others that instruct precursors to commit to specific fates and achieve terminal differentiation.

Interestingly, studies have indicated that a short G1 phase is a hallmark of pluripotent stem cells (PSCs)[2, 3], only lengthening during differentiation [4].

We have identified a number of key transcription factors that are deregulated during this process, and we are using this information to investigate mechanisms by which differentiation can be reprogrammed in tumour cells.

Recent studies have started to map the gene - wide chromatin interactions in the interphase nucleus, revealing some principles of chromosome organization into territories, and dramatic changes of chromatin organization and interactions during differentiation and lineage specification.

Thus, MyoD may induce terminal cell cycle arrest during skeletal muscle differentiation by increasing the expression of p21.

Mechanistically, we observed that Wnt / ß - catenin signaling orchestrates the cytoplasmic relocalization of the histone 3 lysine 9 methyltransferase Setdb1 during differentiation.

Laminin - 111 is important during early epithelial development and differentiation of the epiblast, and is commonly used as a general attachment protein in cell culture.

Differentiation of the mammary epithelial cell during involution: implications for breast cancer.

We are using live imaging, transgenic reporters of osteoblast gene expression and targeted RNAseq approaches to identify the molecular regulators of progressive osteoblast differentiation during expansion of the skull.