In this review, the greatest
effect of breastfeeding support interventions on reducing cessation of exclusive breastfeeding before six months occurred in communities with high (over 80 %) levels of breastfeeding initiation.
This update of the review considered the evidence of
the effect of breastfeeding support interventions on primary outcomes of stopping any or exclusive breastfeeding before four to six weeks and at up to six months postpartum.
To determine whether parity, feelings about breastfeeding, or breast pain modified
the effect of breastfeeding support on postpartum depression, we tested for interactions using a cross-product term.
Journal of Human Lactation, Volume 13:1 Guigliani ER et al. (1994) «
Effect of breastfeeding support from different sources on mothers» decisions to breastfeed» Journal of Human Lactation Vol.10: 3 Silverstein L (1996) «Fathering is a feminist issue», Psychology of Women Quarterly 20 (3 - 37) Pruett, K (1987) The Nurturing Father, Warner: NY Dunn J & Kendrick C (1982) Siblings: love, envy and understanding, Harvard University Press: Cambridge Mass
Not exact matches
In a letter to the Philippines Secretary
of Health, three
support groups, Arugaan,
Breastfeeding Pinays, and Latchcomprising, urge the Secretary to stop a provision allowing baby milk donations to areas
effected by the Typhoon.
While they may not be recovering from the physical
effects of birth and initiating
breastfeeding, they will also need time to get acquainted with the new baby and
support YOU.
Only a large - scale
breastfeeding promotion programme —
supported «down to the village level,» said Ms. Rudert — was able to offset the
effects of formula.
The number
of working mothers in the workforce is growing, but few businesses provide lactation
support in the workplace and employment has a profound
effect on
breastfeeding.
However, some recent studies
support the hypothesis that an additional
effect of postnatal exposure through
breastfeeding is likely.20 We have observed in the infants
of this population that those who
breastfed increased their concentrations
of organochlorine chemicals during the first weeks
of life (N. Ribas - Fitó, submitted for publication).
This book covers the following: - The
effect of employment on mothers and babies - Current laws on
breastfeeding in the workforce - The benefits to the employer of supporting breastfeeding mothers in the workforce - Current programs encouraging breastfeeding in the workplace - Making the case to employers to support breastfeeding mothers - Breastfeeding management for employed moms Resources for employers, childcare providers, and mothers are listed in the bac
breastfeeding in the workforce - The benefits to the employer
of supporting breastfeeding mothers in the workforce - Current programs encouraging breastfeeding in the workplace - Making the case to employers to support breastfeeding mothers - Breastfeeding management for employed moms Resources for employers, childcare providers, and mothers are listed in the bac
breastfeeding mothers in the workforce - Current programs encouraging
breastfeeding in the workplace - Making the case to employers to support breastfeeding mothers - Breastfeeding management for employed moms Resources for employers, childcare providers, and mothers are listed in the bac
breastfeeding in the workplace - Making the case to employers to
support breastfeeding mothers - Breastfeeding management for employed moms Resources for employers, childcare providers, and mothers are listed in the bac
breastfeeding mothers -
Breastfeeding management for employed moms Resources for employers, childcare providers, and mothers are listed in the bac
Breastfeeding management for employed moms Resources for employers, childcare providers, and mothers are listed in the back
of the book
COURTNEY STRATON: All right, when we come back we will continue our talk about
breastfeeding support and we will talk about some
of the side
effects that come with not having a supportive partner.
The positive
effects of doula
support have been documented through many studies — labors are shorter, there are fewer complications, birthing people are more satisfied with their experiences, babies are healthier and they
breastfeed more easily.
The large
effect on the duration
of any
breastfeeding may be partially attributed to the social
support created in this teen clinic.
Recognize the
effect of cultural diversity on
breastfeeding attitudes and practices and encourage variations, if appropriate, that effectively promote and
support breastfeeding in different cultures.
Although professional lactation
support can improve the duration
of overall breast feeding, its
effect in improving exclusive breast feeding is unclear.11 18 22 Thus far, studies that report improvement
of rates
of exclusive
breastfeeding have involved mainly community based peer counselling strategies.23 24 25 Even then, a randomised trial in the UK recently cast doubt on the efficacy
of this approach.26 There are current recommendations from NICE for the UK - wide implementation
of the baby friendly initiative.4 5 6 The 2006 NICE costing report on routine postnatal care
of women and their babies estimates that efforts to improve rates
of breast feeding will result in substantial cost savings for the NHS.6
While there is evidence for the effectiveness
of professional
support in prolonging duration
of breast feeding and increasing rates
of initiation
of breast feeding, the strength
of its
effect on the rate
of exclusive
breastfeeding is unclear.11 12
In addition, there was no
effect on
breastfeeding duration when the pacifier was introduced at 1 month
of age.280 A more recent systematic review found that the highest level
of evidence (ie, from clinical trials) does not
support an adverse relationship between pacifier use and
breastfeeding duration or exclusivity.281 The association between shortened duration
of breastfeeding and pacifier use in observational studies likely reflects a number
of complex factors such as
breastfeeding difficulties or intent to wean.281 A large multicenter, randomized controlled trial
of 1021 mothers who were highly motivated to
breastfeed were assigned to 2 groups: mothers advised to offer a pacifier after 15 days and mothers advised not to offer a pacifier.
Breastfeeding support, specifically help with breastfeeding in the hospital, did not appear to have a beneficial effect among mothers regardle
Breastfeeding support, specifically help with
breastfeeding in the hospital, did not appear to have a beneficial effect among mothers regardle
breastfeeding in the hospital, did not appear to have a beneficial
effect among mothers regardless
of parity.
The receipt
of breastfeeding help and information about
support groups did not, in general, offer a protective
effect.
For cessation
of any
breastfeeding at up to six months there was no evidence
of a differential
effect according to type
of support (test for subgroup differences: Chi ² = 0.40, df = 2 (P = 0.82), I ² = 0 %; Analysis 3.1).
For cessation
of exclusive
breastfeeding at up to four to six weeks there appears to be differential treatment
effect according to the number
of support contacts, with four to eight contacts the most effective schedule.
While the
effect size
of support interventions on reducing the cessation
of any
breastfeeding is modest, there is evidence
of a greater
effect on the prolongation
of exclusive
breastfeeding.
For cessation
of any
breastfeeding at up to six months it appeared that
support from non-professionals was associated with a broadly similar treatment
effect to that for
support from professionals (Analysis 2.1).
Therefore, for the review's four primary outcomes we carried out subgroup analysis to explore the impact
of interventions involving different types
of supporter (professional versus lay person, or both); types
of support (face - to - face versus telephone
support or both); timing
of support (antenatal and postnatal versus postnatal alone); whether the
support was proactive (scheduled contacts) or reactive (women needed to request
support); and whether
support interventions had similar
effects in settings with different background
breastfeeding initiation rates (low, medium or high background rates).
Systematic review
of peer
support for
breastfeeding continuation: metaregression analysis
of the
effect of setting, intensity, and timing
The
effect of a programme
of organised and supervised peer
support on the initiation and duration
of breastfeeding: a randomised trial
Effect of an extended midwifery
support program on the duration
of breastfeeding: a randomised controlled trial.
For cessation
of exclusive
breastfeeding at up to six months face - to - face interventions may be associated with greater
effects than other types
of support; however, very high within - group heterogeneity remains in the analysis, and we advise caution when interpreting this result (test for subgroup differences: Chi ² = 37.55, df = 2 (P <.00001, I ² = 94.7 %; Analysis 3.2).
For cessation
of exclusive
breastfeeding at up to six months the treatment
effect appears to be greater when the intervention was delivered by non-professionals (lay
support) compared with professionals or mixed
support (test for subgroup differences: Chi ² = 7.74, df = 2 (P = 0.02), I ² = 73.1 %; Analysis 2.2).
The research provides less
support for the
effect of home visiting programs on early health behaviors including prenatal care,
breastfeeding, or well - child visits, or on reducing the use
of harsh parenting.