Sentences with phrase «electron pulses with»

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Schematic of an electron bunch travelling through the optimum structure to interact with a laser pulse.

With the newly shaped laser pulses, electrons can be ripped from the atoms very efficiently, and the electrons subsequently gain a large amount of energy.

Ideally, the electron gains so much energy in the laser field that upon impact with the atom, a much shorter flash of light with very high energy is emitted — an attosecond laser pulse, with a frequency in the ultraviolet - or x-ray regime.

The interaction with the oscillating optical field alternately accelerates and decelerates the electrons, which leads to the formation of a train of attosecond pulses.

These feature make ultrashort electron pulse trains an ideal tool with which to monitor, in real time, the ultrafast processes initiated by the impact of light oscillations onto matter.

They performed several experiments, each time with a pulse that would apply a slightly different force to the electrons.

In the study published in Nature Physics, they were able to carefully follow, one x-ray at a time, the decay of nuclei in a perfect crystal after excitation with a flash of x-rays from the world's strongest pulsed source, the SACLA x-ray free electron laser in Harima, Japan.

A pulse of visible light just 380 attoseconds long served as a flashbulb to probe how electrons emit photons when struck with light

Accelerating electrons through a series of these cavities allows the generation of an almost continuous X-ray laser beam with pulses that are 10,000 times brighter, on average, than those of LCLS and arrive up to a million times per second.

Dr. Hiroki Mashiko, a NTT scientist of the team, said, «We contrived the robust pump - probe system with an extremely short isolated attosecond pulse, which led to the observation of the fastest electron oscillation in solid - state material in recorded history.

Where a traditional accelerator can take kilometers to drive an electron to 50 giga - electron volts (GeV), Leemans and team showed that a mini-laser plasma accelerator could get electrons to 1 GeV in just three centimeters with a laser pulse of about 40 terawatt.

When those relativistic electrons collided with air molecules, they generated gamma rays and lower energy electrons that were the main electric current carrier that produced the strong radio pulse before the visible lightning.

Crucially, the extent of the deflection depends on the timing of the electrons» interaction with the terahertz pulse.

They then zapped the electrons in the well with pulses of laser light, each 100 million billionths of a second long and covering a spot 16/100 of an inch across.

However, generating short pulses is much more difficult to do with electrons than with light.

Li has initially more electrons with the consequence of a loss of electrons during the optical pulse.

Electron motions induced by a strong electric field are mapped in space and time with the help of femtosecond x-ray pulses.

Since he and his colleagues control the electrons with another laser pulse, is it possible to precisely control the timing between the two pulses — and set it to exactly what they want it to be.

In the experiments, electrons are set in motion by a very strong electric field which is provided for the very short time interval of 50 fs (1 fs = 10 - 15 s) by a strong optical pulse interacting with the LiH material.

The first pulse converted the electron from a conventional, unexcited particle into a wave packet with several different excited states.

Starting with an ensemble of spin - down nuclei, the researchers used a specially tuned radio - frequency pulse to make a sort of logic gate: if the electron's spin is down, the nucleus remains unaffected; if the electron's spin is up, the nuclear spin is flipped up as well.

Researchers use a similar trick to study atomic electrons — by pinging atoms with exceedingly short light pulses, they can watch electrons» quantum states evolve in unprecedented detail.

In order to observe the ultrafast electron motion in the inner shells of atoms with short light pulses, the pulses must not only be ultrashort, but very bright, and the photons delivered must have sufficiently high energy.

This strategy makes use of the intense electric fields associated with pulsed, high - energy laser beams to accelerate electrons and protons to «relativistic» velocities (i.e. speeds approaching that of light).

With two XUV pulses, we would be able to «film» the electron motion in the inner atomic shells without perturbing their dynamics,» says Dr. Boris Bergues, the leader of the new study.

By using what is known as an ion microscope to detect these ions, the scientists were able, for the first time, to observe the interaction of two photons confined in an attosecond pulse with electrons in the inner orbital shells of an atom.

After the interaction of a xenon atom with two photons from an attosecond pulse (purple), the atom is ionized and multiple electrons (green balls) are ejected.

This has made it possible to observe the interaction of multiple photons in a single such pulse with electrons in the inner orbital shell of an atom.

In UEC, a sample of crystalline GeTe is bombarded with a femtosecond laser pulse, followed by a pulse of electrons.

The sharp acceleration turns the traveling electron wave into a plane wave, like a nice regular pulse of an electron beam with an extremely short wavelength — exactly the kind of beam useful for imaging.

A second point was the finding that textures can be written with much lower beam intensity using tightly focused electron pulses.

By irradiating oriented molecules with powerful laser pulses, the researchers were able to obtain high - harmonic spectra reflecting the state of a molecule's electron shell.

With pulses this precise, the ETH team can image the movement of electrons, which occurs in the range of attoseconds.

And new X-ray free - electron lasers, such as the Linac Coherent Light Source at the SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory can produce beams a billion times brighter than traditional synchrotron sources with femtosecond - timescale pulses — promising unprecedented exploration of chemical dynamics.

S. Huang, Y. Ding, Y. Feng, E. Hemsing, Z. Huang, J. Krzywinksi, A. A. Lutman, A. Marinelli, T. J. Maxwell, and D. Zhu, «Generating single - spike hard x-ray pulses with nonlinear bunch compression in free - electron lasers,» Phys.

Varga's research focuses on the interaction of lasers and matter at the atomic scale and is part of the new field of attosecond science — an attosecond is a billion billionths of a second — that is allowing scientists to study extremely short - lived phenomena such as the making and breaking of chemical bonds and tracking the real - time motion of electrons within semiconductors by probing them with attosecond pulses of laser light.

These opportunities include the use of short - pulsed X-ray sources for extracting time - dependent structural information from proteins; and the revolutionary new possibilities created by X-ray Free Electron Lasers, which combine ultrafast X-ray pulses with high brilliance focussing capabilities to create an entirely new regime of pre-damage time - resolved serial femtosecond crystallography on unprecedented time - scales.

To do this work, Crane is integrating X-ray crystallography with electron microscopy and pulsed dipolar electron spin resonance spectroscopy.

Interestingly, a team of researchers; including some engineers from the University of Michigan, say that they have found a way to achieve this, with electrons and small laser pulses.